導讀：俗話說「十人九痔」，痔瘡是一種很常見的疾病。
俗話說「十人九痔」，痔瘡是一種很常見的疾病。美國每年有1000萬例痔瘡報告 [來源]；女性懷孕期間更容易得痔瘡，稱為「孕期痔瘡」 [參考]。痔瘡雖然不是什麼重大疾病，但犯病時非常折磨人。
什麼是痔瘡？痔瘡英文是 Hemorrhoids，也稱為 「piles」，是指肛門和直腸下段內部及周圍的血管發生擴張和膨脹。根據痔瘡所在位置，可分為外痔 「external hemorrhoids」 和內痔 「internal hemorrhoids」 兩種類型。有的患者也可能同時患有兩種類型的痔瘡，混合痔往往會更痛苦。
內痔與外痔；圖片來源：Mayo Clinic根據 Mayo Clinic 「梅奧醫學中心」和 ASCRS「美國結腸與直腸外科醫師協會」的指南介紹，外痔通常長在肛門的周圍，如上圖所示像一個小肉球，用手可以觸摸到。外痔常見的癥狀有：
- 肛門區域瘙癢。
- 出現敏感腫塊。
- 疼痛或不適。
- 肛門周圍腫脹。
- 出血。
內痔位於直腸內，肉眼不可見。內痔平常一般不疼，但排便時的緊張或刺激可能會引起癥狀：
- 大便時無痛出血。你可能會發現紙巾上或馬桶里有少量鮮紅色的血。
- 痔瘡脫垂引起疼痛。
痔瘡的確切病因尚不清楚。可能的誘因包括：
- 久坐馬桶（例如看手機）。
- 排便過度用力。
- 慢性便秘或腹瀉。
- 肥胖。
- 懷孕。
- 遺傳。
- 過量使用瀉藥或灌腸劑導致的腸功能不良。
- 飲食結構中缺少纖維。
- 常舉重物。
痔瘡癥狀持續時間很長，或者有嚴重不適，比如便血之類的癥狀，應當儘快去看醫生。如果你的癥狀並不嚴重，改變生活習慣和使用非處方藥品可能會緩解癥狀；但如果一周后癥狀沒有緩解，應該去看醫生。可以改變的飲食和生活習慣包括：
- 多吃高纖維食物，比如蔬菜和全穀物。若食譜中缺少高纖維食物，可通過下面這些膳食纖維保健品（fiber supplement）來彌補。Benefiber Fiber Supplement Powder Stick Packs for Digestive Health, 28 sticks, 3.92 ounces
- Benefiber original is a 100% natural prebiotic fiber supplement
- Benefiber powder dissolves clear and can be added to your favorite foods and drinks
- For under 6 years or if you are pregnant, ask a health professional before use.
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- 上廁所時避免過度用力可減少痔瘡所受壓力，並有助於防止突出。
- 多喝水。
- 多運動，避免長時間坐著。
- 想上廁所立馬就去，不要憋。
- 每天進行數次 10 至 20 分鐘的溫水盆浴（坐浴）。不要用肥皂 [來源]。
Doctor Butler's 的這款痔瘡膏在 Amazon 上的銷量和評價都非常好，很多專業醫生都會推薦。它是由肛腸科醫生研發，可以快速緩解痔瘡引起的瘙癢、灼燒、出血和其他癥狀，已經獲得 FDA 批准，並且含有藥效最強的局部止痛藥—lidocaine「利多卡因」(4%)。這款痔瘡膏的其他成分包括：藥草、氨基酸和礦物質的混合物，等。
有折扣
Doctor Butler's Hemorrhoid & Fissure Ointment - Hemorrhoid Treatment with Lidocaine, Pure Aloe Vera, Amino Acids and Essential Oils & Minerals for Fast Acting Pain Relief, Itch Relief and Swelling
- Leave the pain behind: doctor butler』s hemorrhoid ointment was developed by a board certified proctologist to ensure only the best ingredients are offered for hemorrhoid and fissure treatment. our lidocaine ointment works as a numbing cream to quickly alleviate your pain.*
- Heal, soothe and protect: doctor butler』s formula also features organic herbs, essential oils and minerals and amino acids for added healing solutions and natural pain relief. aloe vera extract, ginseng extract and horse chestnut are just some of the ingredients with skin protectant and anti-inflammatory properties.*
- Amazon』s #1 best selling hemorrhoid ointment- fakespot verified positive reviews. join more than 85,000 satisfied new customers who purchased doctor butler』s over the past year and quickly relieved the pain, bleeding, burning, itching and swelling of hemorrhoids & fissures.*
很多人管 Preparation H 的這款痔瘡膏叫白宮痔瘡膏（我也不知道是為啥，歡迎了解的朋友留言告知）。這是非處方痔瘡葯當中的重磅產品，含有5%利多卡因（這是非處方痔瘡藥物可用的最高強度)，能夠快速止痛和止癢。它同時也含有甘油，可以保護和舒緩皮膚。不過，這款乳膏每天最多可使用四次。Costco 也有這款痔瘡膏，量大價優。
有折扣
Preparation H Hemorrhoid Symptom Treatment Cream (0.9 Ounce Tube), Maximum Strength Multi-Symptom Pain Relief with Aloe
- Includes one 0.9 ounce tube of preparation h maximum strength hemorrhoid pain relief cream
- The only over the counter hemorrhoid treatment cream with maximum strength pramoxine for multi-symptom relief
- Proprietary hemorrhoid cream blend with vitamin e, panthenol and soothing aloe
Tucks 的這款痔瘡冷敷墊在 Amazon 上的銷量也非常好。它的主要活性成分是 「witch hazel」 金縷梅，可以有效減輕痔瘡灼傷感和瘙癢感。因為它的成分比較天然，所以醫生也會推薦給孕婦和產婦使用。
有折扣
Tucks Md Cool Hemorrhoid Pad, 100 Count
- Relief: tucks pads provide immediate relief from burning, itching and discomfort caused by hemorrhoids
- Witch hazel: soothes and protects irritated areas
- Personal hygiene: the ultra-soft pads can be used to cleanse outer rectal and/or vaginal areas
痔瘡是很多孕、產婦都會碰到的問題，Motherlove 的這款有機痔瘡膏就是專門會孕婦研製的。它的成分都是純天然有機的，包括：橄欖油、蜂蠟、金縷梅葉、蓍草和金盞花等混合而成。可以有效的緩解犯痔瘡引起的疼痛和瘙癢。
Motherlove Rhoid Balm (1 oz.) Organic Balm with Witch Hazel - Helps Ease Pain and Discomfort of Hemorrhoids Caused by Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Eases discomfort: helps reduce swelling and eases the itch of hemorrhoidal tissues caused by pregnancy.
- Soothing relief: contains witch hazel and yarrow, which are known to bring comfort to pregnant & new moms by soothing hemorrhoidal pain and itch.
- Postpartum essential: while not all moms get hemorrhoids, they can happen and this is great to have on hand just in case!
馬應龍痔瘡膏不愧是痔瘡界的國貨之光，它在 Amazon 上有近兩千評價，並且是4星半好評。美國版馬應龍的主要成分有：人工麝香、牛黃等，可以幫助收縮腫脹的痔組織，緩解炎症和疼痛。
有折扣
Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment Cream - 3PK (US English Label)
- Shrink swollen hemorrhoid tissue
- Reduce heat and inflammation
- Relieve hemorrhoid pain
