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我的一點體會（我是轉貼者 youya 這個是原創，呵呵）
很多人在學習英語的時候，往往一看到主句，從句等等諸如此類的語法講解就覺得頭大，看不下去，這種現象更多的存在於有一定英語基礎的朋友身上。（呵呵，本人以前常有這樣的感覺）。這個時候，你要耐心一點，哪怕不懂或是有點糊塗都不要緊，把文章或課文看完，在看的過程中多注意例句，反覆看，最好背下來，下次碰到類似的情況，雖然可能不知道為什麼要這樣用，但頭腦里已經有了就要這樣用的概念，這時候，你就差不多掌握了這個問題了。這是我自己的一點體會，歡迎大家拍磚~~
定語從句
1，限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句的區別：
a)非限定性定語從句和主句的關係不十分密切，朗讀時先行詞部分一般用降調並稍做停頓，書寫的時候多半用逗號分開。
b)非限定性定語從句能夠修飾整個句子，限定性定語從句則不能。
c)非限定性定語從句與限定性定語從句的含義不一樣，限定性定語從句是確指，而非限定性定語從句是泛指。
d)先行詞為專有名詞或者具有特指對象的名詞時，一般要用非限定性定語從句。
e)在非限定定語從句中，先行詞指人的時候，關係代詞只能是who, whom,不能用that；先行詞指物的時候，關係代詞只能用which,不能用that.
2，各種關係代詞的使用方法
a)關係代詞who的用法：
(1) who的前行詞必須是人，在從句中可以擔任主語，往往也可以代替在從句中擔任賓語的whom,但它的前面不能有介詞，如果帶了介詞就必須用賓格whom(介詞+whom)
This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.
She is the girl who(whom) I met at the party.( 可以替代）
She is the girl whom(who) I went there with.( 可以替代）
She is the girl with whom I went there. ( 不可替代）
(2)Who, that 在很多情況下可以通用，但有些情況只能用who:
[A] 先行詞是one, ones, anyone 的時候宜用who
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don't please me.
Don't tell anyone about the news who oughtn't to know it.
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.
[B] 先行詞為those的時候，宜用who為關係代詞
Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
[C] 當先行詞有比較長的後置定語的時候
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.
[D] 一個句子中帶有2個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關係代詞為that,另一個則用who.
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
[E] 在there be 開頭的句子中：
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.
b)關係代詞whose的用法：
whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。當代物的時候，它相當於of which.
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
I'll call a person whose father knows you.
Which is the car whose owner you know?(Which is the car the owner of which you know)
Please show me the book whose cover is red. (Please shoe me the book the cover of which is red.)
c)關係代詞that 的用法：
首先特別注意，that只能用在限定性定語從句中，在非限定性定語從句中永遠不能選用that,另外介詞後邊也不可以用that,而是跟which.
在限定性定語從句中，which 和that在代替物的時候，一般可以通用。
The money that( which) is in the wallet is mine.
有些情況下，只宜用佣that,不宜用which.
[A]先行詞世最高級形容詞或者它前面有最高級形容詞的時候。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
English is the most difficule subject that you will learn during these years.
[B]主句中已有疑問詞who,which的時候
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praixed at the meeting?
[C]先行詞是序數詞，或者前面有一個序數詞地時候
He is the last person(that) I want to see.
It is the first American movie of this kind that I've ever seen.
[D]先行詞既有人又有物的，宜用that
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
[E]先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven't got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
[F]先行詞前面only, any,few, little, no, all, one of , the same, the very等詞修飾的時候
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
[G]有兩個定語從句，其中一個關係代詞已用which,另外一個用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that have never been seen before.
d)關係代詞which 的用法
在非限定性定語從句中，只宜用which, 不宜用that
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.
在限定性定語從句中which和that在指代物的時候常常可以通用，但有時只宜用which而不用that
[A]關係代詞前面有介詞的時候
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
[B]如果有兩個定語從句，其中的一句地關係代詞是that,另一句用which
Let me shouw you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
3,關係代詞與介詞，關係代詞的省略
a) 關係代詞和介詞
介詞放在關係代詞前面時，介詞短語只能用which代物，用whom代人
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
I want to find the very pen with which I wrote that letter.
當介詞放在句子末尾時，可用that/which代物，that/whom/who來作為介詞的賓語，這個做介詞賓語的關係代詞往往忽略
This is the the hero that( who/whom忽略）we are proud of.
b)關係代詞的省略
首先注意只有限定性定語從句才能省略，非限定性定語從句絕對不能省略
在下列情況下，可以省略關係代詞
[A]當關係代詞在從句中擔任動詞賓語的時候
The people(who) we met at the party were very friendly to us.
[B]關係代詞在從句中作介詞，而介詞在句尾時
Here is the man( that) you have been looking for.
[C]關係代詞在從句中作表語時
Shang hai is no longer the city ( that) it used to be.
[D]在there be的句型中，和先行詞為way時，關係代詞總是省略
There is an old man ( who) wants to see you.
I don't like the way ( that) you talk to somebody else.
注意，有些動詞+介詞所組成的短語動詞，關係非常密切，介詞不能前置
4，定語從句注意事項
a)one of + 複數名詞+關係代詞+複數型動詞
the (only) one of + 複數名詞+關係代詞+單數型動詞
The Great Wall is one of the world famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
Titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
b)What不能用於定語從句。 |
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