據說,「cut and dried」(字面意:砍下和風乾)源於伐木業。長在林間的樹木若要成為商用木材,鋸下后必被風乾,同時,鋸下的木材必得合乎標準長寬。由此,這種「standardized lumber that is cut and dried」(風乾后合乎標準的方材)常用來比喻某類言行從不標新立異、某種結果已在預料之中、某類影片成一種套路模式。看下面兩個例句:
Most spokespeople are expert vendors of cut and dried answers to reporters' questions.(大多數發言人擅用「套話」來搪塞記者提問。)
Hollywood has long been famous for movie plots so cut and dried. (好萊塢影片常走一種套路是眾人皆知的。)
漢語中有「三十六計走為上策」,英語中的cut and run是個軍事常用語,與我們的上策「走」頗有異曲同工之妙。戰爭中,若一方處於防守略勢,為保存實力想要撤軍便可用「cut and run」來形容。
相比而言,短語中的「cut」破讓人費解,不過搞清了淵源肯定能讓「困惑者」茅塞頓開。Cut and run原指「棄錨開航」,海戰中,若停錨的船隻遭遇敵人突襲,與其浪費有限時間費力起錨,不如索性斬斷纜繩、棄錨起航,迅速躲避襲擊。由此,「cut and run」成為公認的軍事應急戰略。
不過,隨著時間的推移,現代意義上cut and run含有貶義意,常用來諷刺對手「為擺脫困境放棄進一步的行動」。看布萊爾在去年5月訪問土耳其時,針對伊拉克撤軍問題的態度和立場:We are not going to have any so-called quick exit, there will be no cutting and running in Iraq.(我們不會做所謂的迅速撤退,我們絕不撤離伊拉克。)
看下面一個例句:Let's not invite Dick to the dance--he is such a wet blanket with that sour look on his face and his boring talk.(我們開舞會可別請迪克。他整日愁眉苦臉,說的話還很無聊,是個讓人掃興的傢伙。)
That was a great opportunity, but now I've blown it.那是個極好的機會,但是我把它搞砸了。
2. Make a mess of弄糟
提到「雜亂」,我們有一個現成的詞,就是mess,make a mess of也就是「搞砸,搞糟」的意思。它還有一個變體,就是make a hash of,同樣也是「ruin or spoil something」的意思,我們來看兩個例子:
They've made a hash of their financial affairs.他們把自己的財務搞得一團糟。
3. Mess up一團糟
Mess up這個片語也表示「犯錯,把事情弄糟,搞得亂七八糟」,例如:
The young footballer messed up and dropped the ball.年輕的球員慌慌張張把球掉了。
On rainy days the children really mess up the house.下雨天孩子們把屋子裡弄得亂七八糟的。
He had a way of messing up his own business.他總能把自己的事情搞糟。
如果你不想用這些片語,光用mess這個詞也能表示「雜亂,搞糟」,比如:
Children left a mess in the yard.孩子們把庭院搞得一團糟。
With divorce and bankruptcy proceedings pending, his personal life was in a mess.
離婚和破產的官司使得他的生活陷入一片混亂當中。
4. Foul up搞砸
Foul up這個片語也有「搞砸」的意思,據傳它是「fuck up」的變體,fuck up也有「搞砸」的意思,只不過說出來很粗俗,是髒話,最好不要用,在《無間道風雲》這部電影里,多次見到裡面的人物使用這個詞。Foul up比較起來會文明一些,比如:He's fouled up this report, but I think we can fix it.(他把報告搞砸了,但我想我們能補救。)再比如:Our plans were fouled up by the bad weather. (我們的計劃被壞天氣破壞了。)
5. Play the devil with搞糟,弄亂
最後再給大家介紹個習語:play the devil with,也是「破壞,把…搞糟;把…弄亂」的意思,主要用在口語中。例如:
This weather plays the devil with my aching joints.這種鬼天氣讓我的關節很痛。