1、歷屆真題
從91年開始――第一次考研作文命題,基本上和托福作文命題差不多
「Where to live ,in the city or the country?」
title 開頭有一句話 :Some people think that people living in the country enjoy more advantages than those who live in the city.
outline
1.convenoences of the city
2.attractions of the country
3.disadvantages of both
4.my preference
Private Car
Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car if he can afford it.
Outline:
1.advantages of owning a private car
2.disadvantages of owning a private car
3.should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not?
如果認為不應該發展小汽車,最後一段就寫不應該發展小汽車的幾個理由。
如果最後一段表示支持,調整結構:
第1段寫小汽車的好處
第2段寫小汽車的壞處
第3段寫為什麼要發展小汽車
92年――標題
For a better understanding between parent and child
1.Present situation: lack of communication between parent and child
2.possible reasons: a different likes and dislikes
b. misunderstanding
c. others
3.suggestions: a. for parents b. for children
第二段不管是單數還是複數,都應該寫幾個理由
第三段不管是單數還是複數,至少要寫到兩點
詳細記錄92年提綱――經典題型之一
93年――Advertisement on TV
1.Present state 2.Reasons 3.My comments
94年――On making friends
1.the need for friendship(為什麼要交朋友)
2.true friendship(解釋性段落――十大經典段落之一)――參看97年1月四、六級考試 寫掉這三個段落 《大學英語考試高分作文》
3.my principle in making friends
95年――The project hope
1.present situation 2.necessity of the project 3.my suggestion
96年(不成功)――Good health
1.importance of good health 2.ways to keep fit 3.my own practice
97年依然不成功
1.interpret the pictures
2.predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons
98年圖畫作文
一隻母雞拿著一張紙,上面寫著「如此承諾」――本母雞承諾下的雞蛋有蛋清、蛋黃、蛋殼……,旁邊有一首打油詩
1.write out the message conveyed by the cartoon
2.give your comments
99年
Directions:
1.your essay should cover these three points:
2.possible reason for the effect
3.your suggestion for wild life protection
essay:論文――introduction, body, conclusion
歷史留給我們的是
1、幾個經典段落 2、outline(思路)
圖畫作文比較公正客觀
92年是第一個經典題型,99年是第二個經典題型
2000年是第3大經典題型
1.Describe the picture(描述圖表――十大經典段落之一)
2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures(畫家的意圖――十大經典段落之一)
3.Suggest your countermeasures
98年命題不成功――沒有想到現實生活中人是怎麼欣賞漫畫的
2000年 1、看畫 2、畫家想幹嘛 3、看了畫以後會要採取什麼行動
A brief history of world commercial fishing
漫畫不需要動很多腦筋 看漫畫時不需要想太多
2000年
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply/dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with(but的重心在後面,with的重心在前面) many fishing-boats.
The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decreased. If we let this situation continue/go as it is, we won''''t know where fish is in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.
Therefore, it is imperative for us to take effective measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future.
1、本文185個詞 2、12個句子 第1段3句話,53個單詞 第2段4句話,60個單詞
第3段5句話,72個單詞
提綱第一點裡面要你幹什麼你就幹什麼
1。代表一種方向(問題有,又有解決問題的方案,構成整體的漫畫)
Today, the earth''''s deserts are spreading and getting larger and desertification is a serious problem facing the world. The major reason for this is irresponsible cutting down of trees. As is shown in the first cartoon, when people cut down trees desert forces on and becomes irrepressible. 第一段就在分析原因
作文在判卷的時候注重兩個方面:語言、內容
1、句子的主語和謂語是否一致 2、時態 3、名次的單複數
4、定冠詞和不定冠詞 5、搭配 6、單詞的拼寫
套用句型時要對句型部分句法結構功能特別清晰
辭彙兩個方面 :1辭彙面的寬度 2辭彙的難度
語法的兩個原則:1語法的精確性 2語法的複雜性
the caption =the words read 漫畫中的說明文字
具體的東西抽象化,抽象的東西具體化。
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they have cut down all the trees. The caption reads: As the sand advantages, we retreat in the second picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: As we advance, the sand retreats. 描述圖片
2001年大綱樣題
Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they male a valuable contribution to the world economy. There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.
Write an essay to the newspaper
1)criticizing(評論) their view and
2)justify your stand.
In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You should write about 200 words on answer sheet 2.
(picture: the year 1997)
原來的經典圖表題:提綱+圖表
1、描述圖片
2、幾個可能的理由
3、建議措施
經典題型之五:
現在的圖表題:場景+提綱+圖表
十大經典段落
1現狀 2解釋性段落 3描述性段落(圖表圖畫) 開頭段落
4原因列舉(a list of reason)―― 主體段落
5舉例(2001年考研題,參看97年1月四六級考題)
6意圖分析 7利和弊(自己總結) ――中間段落
8結尾(自己總結) 9建議措施 10預測未來
學術性英語的功能段落 不是survival 而是academic
範文三
在寫一些文章時,不可避免的會有一些核心概念。避免重複。
人口增長、野生動物、滅絕、構成危險
突出寫作的語言意識。
The two charts....
increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied...
corresponding
decline
Far too many 太多的
species have been lost already 被動語態――表明立場
This poses a danger to 被……構成危險
As the human population expands, more and more wild animals are hunted for food...
or because...
they are thought to...
present a threat to...
but studies show that one of the primary causes...
disappearance
this makes us wonder...
other life forms 與其他生命方式
in harmony 和睦相處
share this planet 共享這個星球
In my opinion,
it is imperative to 迫切的
In my opinion, it is imperative to take step to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, man must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will become extinct.
reverse (a.)相反的(v.)逆轉過來
disturbing 令人困惑的
illustrated in the charts
One measure would be to...
But ,more importantly,
forbid
extinction
stop polluting the environment
or 表示否則
1、人口增長了幾次?
...the increase in the U.S. population
As the human population expands...
...population growth...
2、野生動物。
...wildlife species...
...species...
...wild animals...
...wildlife...
...other life forms...
...wild life....
3、野生動物的消亡、滅絕
...have been lost already...
...disappearance of wildlife...
...extinction.
...become extinct.
4、構成危險。
...poses a danger to...
...present a thread to...
...is threatened with...
聽 力
基礎:phonetics, vocabulary
語調 intonation:不同的語調有不同的意思
Part A:內容簡單,長度比較短,語速比較快。抓細節
Part B:內容較多,300詞左右。短時記憶的內容較多。
Part C:200-300單詞,只讀一遍
推測題較難:細節題問原因較難(why, how)等需要作因果判斷
根據提干判斷信息題的種類:評分標準:按照英、美拼寫方式都可,注意前兩節對大小寫(專有名詞除外)和標點符號不作要求,但拼寫錯誤不給分。
應試技巧:「讀、猜、聽、寫、查」
讀題是最關鍵的一部分;然後猜出內容;猜得準確聽才會更容易抓;寫的時候注意用簡寫;最後檢查錯誤。
五、場景:熟悉場景的文章,科普文章(草履蟲paramecium;知了cicada)
Part A涉及場景:旅遊信息;申請表格;地理場景;電話諮詢場景;學生生活;
學生生活:學校生活的評價;與課程相關;論文和課外研究(paper theme, survey, questionnaire),學習方法。
旅遊場景:旅遊知識的問答
申請表格:人名、地名、專有名詞(申請表格,保單)
地理場景:地理描述、相關信息描述
電話諮詢:委婉語氣[could, would]
重點:時間、價錢、人名、地名、專有名詞
Part B涉及場景:新聞和天氣預報;健康;音樂;歷史;應聘場景;
Part C涉及場景:圖書館場景;新聞場景;授課場景[自然科學,社會科學]
background ,setting――熟悉的場景相對簡單
生詞――作為信息提示點
注意:聽力課程:
1、PART A表格題解題思路,如何面對。
2、做前四個練習,語言點。
3、除解題思路,還應該注意那些情況。
4、從哪方面準備聽力,而不應該做什麼。
5、做第一套題,補充辭彙。
表格題的解題思路:
1、掃描橫縱軸,理解其內容。
2、判斷缺失信息。
3、注意問答。有可能出現次序混亂,把信息放在信息提示點之前。
4、注意簡寫。Sociology
5、數字及人名拼讀規律。
6、注意單複數及特殊符號。
語言點:
sort them out:解決了一些問題 sortv.)分類; (n.)種類(=kind); 一類人 sort out the problem a good sort:好人
or so: 大約(放在時間、數字的後面) about, around, some 放在時間、數字的前面 some twelve people, some thirteen days
worth:形容詞做表語 worthy:定語 worthwhile:<文>
數字:
1、「十幾」,「幾時」 根據單詞的重音,聽的發音越不清楚的越可能是「幾十」。
2、「四十幾」,「五十幾」及「六十幾」 根據中間的母音區分
3、「幾百八十幾」 根據中間的母音區分。輔音出現弱讀。
情態動詞:can ,may, must
Can I ...?/could you please...?/Would you please...?
could/would 表示委婉
對can的回答:yes, you can. /No, you can''''t.
-- Can I do...? --Yes, you may. -- May I do...? --Yes, you can. -- Must I do...? --Yes, you must./No, you needn''''t.
語氣:-- Would you mind if I do .my doing sth. ?
-- No, go ahead. /Absolutely not. I''''m sorry. Please do not.(委婉) Sure, I do.(生硬)
人名:-- What''''s your name? What''''s your first/given name? Given name Middle name Family(surname/last) name
用語:hold on:等一會兒=wait a sec
字母:聽拼寫可能不清楚,從單詞里區分
字母:(聽拼寫可能不清楚,從單詞里區分)Murray , Marian
人名第一個單詞大寫,除非第一個單詞是small
van/von=of ,from 字母v ,b發音(Vernon) 字母j, h (St. Jose聖*和賽 Don Juan唐*黃)
表格題應該注意的四個方面:
1、沒有拼寫的專有名詞 2、數字計算:(less ,more ,before, later)3、拼寫:(讀音規則)4、次序混亂。(拿橫軸和縱軸去定位)
練習方式:糾音(錄音。注意抓意群、語音、語調)(材料:教材、新概念)、
聽寫(單句聽寫)(複述――輔助練習)、
記筆記:(記下主要信息)
(聽一個15個單詞的句子,兩遍之內寫完)
推薦教材:《Listen To This》何其莘 《Step By Step》(新)
1、每天練習聽力不要超過兩個小時,但不能少於半個小時。
2、英語環境不是主要的,要聽就要仔細聽。
3、不要聽英語新聞。
4、不要聽太難的材料。
5、讀原文和讀答案的問題。不要先看原文及答案。
Test 1
Part A
5)分總狀況出現,「和」是答案
如果三個數字互不相干,選擇最後一個。
Part C
11)lecture:上課、 tutorial:課下輔導
A tutorial is perhaps where most of the learning occurs at a university.
13)don''''t do sth. or you will ran the risk.
15)搞清身份(如果搞不清,可選擇後面的觀點)
16)I''''ll miss teaching this class. You''''re all good at expressing your views, which makes it an interesting class.
18)be fond of 搞清身份
聽時要抓意群,而不是單個的單詞。
做題時要留出時間來做題。
讀,猜,聽、寫、查
做問答題和填空題的解體思路
1、掃描題干,畫出核心詞
核心詞是對句子意思影響最重要的詞。
和信息可以是:1、否定詞 2、時間 3、專有名詞 4、比較級,最高級 5、(程度)副詞
否定詞可以是:only, few ,little ,less
時間可以是:soon, later
When will Mary go back to London? London is a good place to retire to.
(until/after her retirement)(when/after she retires)
如果專有名詞不是用來被選或寫的,那麼就是提供信息的。
2、判斷所缺信息
(1)如果是問問題,看疑問代詞或副詞是在問什麼信息種類。
(2)如果是填空題,看缺什麼成分
3、聽時注意核心詞的同義詞和反義詞以及題干句子結構
We see the heroes of the violent films as role models.
Some of us regard or see the heroes of the violent films as role models.
4、簡寫形式
5、用語法和常識檢查答案,及二次查漏補缺 靜,空
You should have the way of thinking in English. unconsciousness
Exercise 6
預測:(1)表語/形容詞 兩個以上的形容詞
(5)複數
(4)rhythm/melody 注意重複信息
檢查時要注意漏掉的信息,找題乾和題乾的關係
補充關於天氣的辭彙
drizzle/sprinkler 毛毛雨 /light rain 小雨 /rain /heavy rain /shower雷陣雨/downpour=rain cats and dogs/ storm
breeze/ weak wind/ wind/ strong wind/ hurricane/ typhoon颱風/ twister龍捲風 /tornado龍捲風
cold/ hot / freezing/ boiling/ chilly=cold/ warm/ cool(I''''m cool.我隨便)/mild /balmy/ I think /I reckon
settled/ settle down/ setting/ changeable The weather is settled.
補充關於新聞的辭彙:
drought/ flood/ famine/ earthquake/ magnitude seven on Richard scale(七級地質)/volcano eruption(active/ extinct/ dormant)/accident/ crush(飛機)/ sink(loss)(船)/ derail(火車)
選修課:courses/ elective/ elective/ optional/ nonsubject
必須課:subject/ required/ obligatory
place/ on/ call sb. at/ call sb. on +電話號碼/give sb. a call(ring)
1、作選擇題的技巧
1)掃描提干,劃出核心詞
核心詞可以是實意動詞,否定詞,專有名詞,時間,比較級,最高級,程度副詞。
2)綜合觀察選項
3)要注意的5個原則:所聽即所得,順序原則,最近答案原則,常識原則,同義相斥原則。
Exercise 13
11)注意通過定語等限定詞去定位
13)綜合觀察選項
所聽即所得 survival English/ academic English
順序原則,還要注意基本定位
聽到一組數字,一組地名,一組名詞片語,一組名詞短語,在沒聽到的情況下,選最後一個。
同義相斥原則: boring/ dull depressing/ gloomy
主旨題 主題句可能在開頭段,結尾段和重複的信息中出現。要邊聽邊做
NBA shoot/ score / slap down National Football League
soccer NFL(National Football League) super bowl
NHL(National ice-Hockey League) MLS(Major League Soccer)
MLB(Major League Baseball) home run
It''''s a nice home run. 做得很好/ I home run it.我成功了/ touch down
rugby/ cricket/ swimming/ / stroke/ free/ backstroke/ butterfly
track and field/ dash(短跑)/ dasher/ splinter/ high jump/ long jump/ pole jump(撐桿跳)/ triple jump/ hop step and jump/ javelin(標槍)/ discus(鐵餅)/ shot(鉛球)/ squash(壁球)
/ billiard ball(撞球)/ golf / par(標準球)/ biddy(小鳥球)/ eagle(老鷹球)/ tennis / soft ball/ controlling a sail board / arm muscles
永陪選項,還包括絕對選項和自我否定選項。
關於圖書館的辭彙補充
lending department/ catalog/ index/ author catalog/ subject catalog/ alphabetically(按字母順序)/ loan card(借書證)/ stacks(書庫)/ overdue(過期)/ fine(罰款)/ renew(續借)/renew
聽到promise/ suggestion要正向去推 order的話不一定
language/ body/ time/ gift/ service
result/ information/ conclusion
Text 2
hotel/ motel/ B&B(bed and breakfast)/ home stay
注意:要注意聽力的最後一句話。
19)killing/ displacing/ genetically mixing(與當地人通婚)
20)A、B、同一相斥原則
常識原則和同一相斥原則
part c中的選擇題
分為主旨題,細節題,推測題
主旨題要抓的是第一段的第一句和第二句或轉折詞后的信息,最後一段
in conclusion, to sum up, in a word, in a sentence, in the end
重複的信息是主旨
關於對話的主旨:1、first topic 2、identification
extension(延期) paper, essay, thesis, dissertation
細節題:注意核心詞和所缺信息
why, how的問題是比較難的,要找because, since, as, for, because of, due to, such...that, so...that, lead to
迷惑項:絕對選項,信息修正(p13,q19),部分正確整體不正確(p13,q14&q17),無效選項(p17,e15,q3)
推測題:advice, suggestion, promise, order, don''''t do sth.
語氣和用詞(p23,t1,q13)
Test 4
part A
further education 繼續教育
Physical Fitness Instructor 健身教練 help the individuals to get body shaping
Sports Administrator 經紀人 professional athlete職業運動員
Physical Education Teacher 體育教師 recreation officer 健身官員
part B
tertiary education 高等教育 primary 初級的 secondary 中級的
Somebody walks proudly. A man walks with pride.
tutorial 課外輔導 seminar 研討會 speaking skills 說話的技巧
organize what we say.
taking the floor= interrupting
part C
12、such large taxes that
15、It was not uncommon for a dentist to make house calls to wealthy patients.
16、simply to rip the teeth from the mouth with brute force.
rip n.浪頭,浪子 return of the rip 浪子回頭
17、主旨題 decline
the movie market have been in a decline for the later half of the 20th century.
Even when the higher ticket prices are considered, this represented a serious decline in movie industry.
20、dropped out their staff
Test 7
順序上的三個例外:not, instead of, than
It is A not/ instead of B.
11、welcome to our regular lecture on health issues.
12、a sport celebrity運動名人
14、junk 廢物
16、but I''''m expecting individual examples from every group and I want to see strong points for both sides.
Text 5
應聘場景 bright反應快的 highly-motivated上進心強的 well organized辦事有條理的
be of ability and flexibility 適應性強 dynamic and honest The best policy is to be honest
energetic精力旺盛的 good people skill良好的人際關係 resourceful應變能力強的
If I were in your shoes如果我在你的立場上
He stands on the issue of federalism. What do you stand on this point?
Ask not what the country has done for you, ask what you have done for the country.
英音與美音發音的差異
1、母音的差異 or, ar , er He is famous in our country. chance, laugh boss, bus, possible
It is hot in Beijing in summer?
2、輔音的差異 wh which ,whistle; t take me a cup of water
重音後面會弱讀 write me letter button
3、語調的區別,重音的區別 I have a dream. advertisement/ adult/ necessarily/ ordinarily
Have you something?(英)/ Do you have something.(美)作者: ecore 時間: 2005-5-1 00:43
收藏!作者: 小魔女 時間: 2005-5-1 01:24
很受用,感謝分享!:)作者: 魔之右手 時間: 2015-3-9 21:46
很實用,謝謝分享。