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- 旅途-望 知 情 [2016/07]
忽然覺得美國的大選，好像是一個人的左手搏右手。共和黨的總統也好，民主黨的總統也罷，都是台上的表演者。實權派的導演在後台，不露面的。
任何民主制度下的國家地區都有選舉，但往往各政黨理念相差甚遠，導致政黨輪替后，前任的執政黨與現任的執政黨在對外的國際戰略，對內的國策都有明顯的變化，不能連續進行，持續發展。由此可見，美國式的民主制度，應該是目前來講最為完善有效的。它保障了美國一直保持全球領導地位，不容挑戰。
這一點似乎有人看明白了，脫亞入歐的日本已在嘗試。將過去的享有絕對優勢的自民黨劃分為幾個不同名字的政黨，無論誰當選都不會有太大的改變，因為同出一源。反觀台灣就大不一樣了，統派，獨派輪替過程中，不斷地消耗了有限的資源。
誰是美國的實權派導演？不得而知。
假若中國有機會學到這一點，何樂而不為那？
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發表評論 評論 (10 個評論)
- 回復 十路
- 這個問題寫得好。 因為美國將政治與哲學，學術分開了，在同一基本價值觀，基本原則下進行。政治家不能隨便改變這個衡量對錯的標尺，做事的具體方式可以在這個基本原則之下變換，但是會被民眾用這個標尺來衡量。
CORE VALUES OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY
Core democratic values are the fundamental beliefs and constitutional principles of American society, which unite all Americans. These values are expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the United States constitution and other significant documents, speeches, and writing of the nation. Below are definitions of some core democratic values.
Source: CIVITAS: A Framework for Civic Education, a collaborative project of the Center for Civic Education and the Council for the Advancement of Citizenship, National Council for the Social Studies Bulletin No. 86, 1991. You can obtain a copy of 「Civitas」 by calling 1-800-350-4223
FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS
LIFE: The individual』s right to life should be considered inviolable except in certain highly restricted and extreme circumstances, such as the use of deadly force to protect one』s own or others』 lives.
LIBERTY: The right to liberty is considered an unalterable aspect of the human condition. Central to this idea of liberty is the understanding that the political or personal obligations of parents or ancestors cannot be legitimately forced on people. The right to liberty includes personal freedom: the private realm in which the individual is free to act, to think and to believe, and which the government cannot legitimately invade; political freedom: the right to participate freely in the political process, choose and remove public officials, to be governed under a rule of law; the right to a free flow of information and ideas, open debate and right of assembly; and economic freedom: the right to acquire, use, transfer and dispose of private property without unreasonable governmental interference; the right to seek employment wherever one pleases; to change employment at will; and to engage in any lawful economic activity.
THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS: It is the right of citizens in the American constitutional democracy to attempt to attain – 「pursue」 – happiness in their own way, so long as they do not infringe upon the rights of others.
COMMON GOOD: The public or common good requires that individual citizens have the commitment and motivation – that they accept their obligation – to promote the welfare of the community and to work together with other members for the greater benefit of all.
JUSTICE: People should be treated fairly in the distribution of the benefits and burdens of society, the correction of wrongs and injuries, and in the gathering of information and making of decisions.
EQUALITY: All citizens have: political equality and are not denied these rights unless by due process of law; legal equality and should be treated as equals before the law; social equality so as there should be no class hierarchy sanctioned by law; economic equality which tends to strengthen political and social equality for extreme economic inequality tends to undermine all other forms of equality and should there fore be avoided.
DIVERSITY: Variety in culture and ethnic background, race, lifestyle, and belief is not only permissible but desirable and beneficial in a pluralist society.
TRUTH: Citizens can legitimately demand that truth-telling as refraining from lying and full disclosure by government be the rule, since trust in the veracity of government constitutes an essential element of the bond between governors and governed.
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: The citizenry is collectively the sovereign of the state and hold ultimate authority over public officials and their policies.
PATRIOTISM: Virtuous citizens display a devotion to their country, including devotion to the fundamental values upon which it depends.
CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES
RULE OF LAW: Both government and the governed should be subject to the law.
SEPARATION OF POWERS: Legislative, executive, and judicial powers should be exercised by different institutions in order to maintain the limitations placed upon them.
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT: The republican form of government established under the Constitution is one in which citizens elect others to represent their interests.
CHECKS AND BALANCES: the powers given to the different branches of government should be balanced, that is roughly equal, so that no branch can completely dominate the others. Branches of government are also given powers to check the power of other branches.
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS: Fundamental to American constitutional democracy is the belief that individuals have certain basic rights that are not created by government but which government should protect. These are the right to life, liberty, economic freedom, and the 「Pursuit of happiness.」 It is the purpose of government to protect these rights, and it may not place unfair or unreasonable restraints on their exercise. Many of these rights are enumerated in the Bill of Rights.
FREEDOM OF RELIGION: There shall be full freedom of conscience for people of all faiths or none. Religious liberty is considered to be a natural inalienable right that must always be beyond the power of the state to confer or remove. Religious liberty includes the right to freely practice any religion or no religion without government coercion or control.
FEDERALISM: Power is shared between two sets of governmental institutions, those of the states and those of the central or federal authorities, as stipulated by the Constitution.
CIVILIAN CONTROL OF THE MILITARY: Civilian authority should control the military in order to preserve constitutional government.
- 回復 唐貝勒
- 謝謝您，我認為這是一個較成熟的民主社會。同時也要求選民要有一定的素質，才可行。
十路: 這個問題寫得好。 因為美國將政治與哲學，學術分開了，在同一基本價值觀，基本原則下進行。政治家不能隨便改變這個衡量對錯的標尺，做事的具體方式可以在這個基
- 回復 ryu
- ' 這一點似乎有人看明白了，脫亞入歐的日本已在嘗試。將過去的享有絕對優勢的自民黨劃分為幾個不同名字的政黨，無論誰當選都不會有太大的改變，因為同出一源..'
三年前的日本執政黨民主黨不是那個源的。
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