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什麼是人身攻擊
http://www.intrepidsoftware.com/fallacy/attack.php
偶然發現這篇東西,翻譯一下。有討論就總免不了這個,或許有些作用。
Attacking the Person (argumentum ad hominem)
人身攻擊(訴諸情緒的辯論)
Definition:
定義
The person presenting an argument is attacked instead of the argument itself. This takes many forms. For example,the person's character, nationality or religion may be attacked. Alternatively, it may be pointed out that a person stands to gain from a favourable outcome. Or, finally, a person may be attacked by association, or by the company he keeps.
在辯論中,不針對對方觀點而針對對方本人進行攻擊。這種攻擊有許多形式。例如,他的性格或能力,國籍或信仰都可能被攻擊。或者,也可以指出某人的立場是為了獲得某種好處。還有最後一招,可以攻擊他所在的集體,或者公司。
There are three major forms of Attacking the Person:
1. ad hominem (abusive): instead of attacking an assertion, the argument attacks the person who made the assertion.
2. ad hominem (circumstantial): instead of attacking an assertion the author points to the relationship between the person making the assertion and the person's circumstances.
3. ad hominem (tu quoque): this form of attack on the person notes that a person does not practise what he preaches.
人身攻擊有三種主要形式:
1. 訴諸感情的(謾罵):攻擊不針對觀點,而是針對提出觀點的個人本身。
2. 訴諸感情的(羅織):攻擊不針對觀點,而是針對提出觀點的人和他的社會關係
3. 訴諸感情的(反唇相譏): 這種形式的人身攻擊指出某人沒有做到他自己所鼓吹的東西。
Examples:
* You may argue that God doesn't exist, but you are just following a fad. (ad hominem abusive)
* We should discount what Premier Klein says about taxation because he won't be hurt by the increase. (ad hominem circumstantial)
* We should disregard Share B.C.'s argument because they are being funded by the logging industry. (ad hominem circumstantial)
* You say I shouldn't drink, but you haven't been sober for more than a year. (ad hominem tu quoque)
例子:
* 你可以聲稱上帝不存在,但你只是盲從潮流。(謾罵)
* 我們應該不考慮Premier Klein關於稅制的觀點,因為加稅對他毫無損失。(羅織)
* 我們應該不考慮Share B.C.的觀點,因為他們接受伐木業的投資。(羅織)
* 你說我不該喝酒,但你自己從沒有超過一年的清醒時間。(反唇相譏)
Proof:
Identify the attack and show that the character or circumstances of the person has nothing to do with the truth or falsity of the proposition being defended.
證明:識別攻擊並且指出人的特點和社會關係與需要辯護的觀點的正確錯誤並無關係。
References:
Barker: 166, Cedarblom and Paulsen: 155, Copi and Cohen: 97, Davis: 80
Posted by NullPointer at 上午3:53
Labels: 嚴肅話題, 翻譯 |
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