倍可親

再談李美步: 心繫中國 獻身美國

作者:change?  於 2018-7-29 22:10 發表於 最熱鬧的華人社交網路--貝殼村

通用分類:博你一笑|已有2評論




亞裔美國人遺產:  李美步  (Mabel Lee)博士

像許多在20世紀早期和中期成年的亞裔美國人一樣,20世紀50年代,李美步  (Mabel Lee)的相對名氣或名聲逐漸消失。到那時,許多美國人認為移民的同化是不可避免的,非洲裔美國人的融合是邁向非種族社會的最後一步。因此,承認或強調外國裔美國人之間的種族或民族差異已經不再可接受了(儘管他們認識到各國之間的文化差異應得到尊重和尊重)。

作為1925年至1966年間紐約第一中國浸信會(he First Chinese Baptist Church of New York)的事實上的牧師,李美步(1896-1966)在動蕩時期獲得了一個相對舒適的利基。女性傳教運動和社會福音,大蕭條,中日衝突,第二次世界大戰,中國內戰和冷戰的衰落都對她所培養的信念提出了挑戰。離開教堂並追求非宗教生活的瑪格麗特·鍾(Margaret Chung)將自己的生命奉獻給紐約唐人街的會眾和社區服務中心。她也很不尋常,因為她獲得了博士學位,這在華裔美國女性中非常罕見。最後,即使她分享了她父親的福音派,她也受到了社會福音的進步主義的熏陶。因此,她從未與自20世紀60年代以來主導中國教會的中國原教旨主義者和福音派人士的浪潮聯繫在一起。

二十多年前,當我還是布魯克林的青年和副牧師時,我第一次了解到李美步。即使在我更加進步的Metro New York American Baptist部門的同事中,女性成為會眾的主要牧師(更不用說中國女性)也是不尋常的。所以我在美國浸信會歷史學會和紐約第一中國浸信會的檔案中調查並找到了關於她的資料。由於我有限的漢語技能和向丹佛神學院的過渡,這個研究項目從未感覺完整。但我設法湊齊地在1996年美國歷史學家組織會議上提交論文。這篇論文有一個相當矛盾的結論,所以我邀請其他可能更了解Mabel Lee的人提供更精確的生活敘述。論文可以在這裡下載:

關於她的簡短文章可以在Susan Hill Lindley和Eleanor J. Stebner編輯的「威斯敏斯特女性美國宗教歷史手冊」中找到(Westminster / John Knox,2008),第130頁。它引用了我的章節「中國新教民族主義美國,1880-1927,「新精神家園:宗教和亞裔美國人,由David Yoo編輯(夏威夷大學出版社,1999年)」和我提交的論文。不幸的是,由於我的論文中有一個錯字,它錯誤地將她的出生年份確定為1893而不是1896年。

Mabel Lee:女性選舉權倡導者和女權主義者

李美步是牧師的孩子。她的父親Lee To自1904年以來一直擔任紐約唐人街浸信會中國佈道團的牧師。

李美步於1896年出生於廣州,陪同父親到美國並在美國公立學校學習。她就讀於巴納德學院,並於1916年畢業。然後,她獲得了博士學位。 1921年,哥倫比亞大學獲得經濟學學位。她的論文於當年晚些時候出版。

除了她父親的福音派虔誠之外,她還分享了他對紐約和海外華人社區的社會問題的熱情。在大學期間,她融入了對信仰,中國重建和女性選舉的熱愛。

我摘錄了她的演講「中國被埋沒的一半」(1915年?)和「中國學生月刊」(1914年5月)題為「女性選舉權的意義」的文章中的幾句話。整個演講和文章都可以點擊下載以下鏈接。


我們回到世紀之前的[中國]政治家們已經感受到了對女性教育的需求,並且一定希望得到它。但他們唯一希望的好處是什麼?

傳教士輪到他們了。他們不僅希望和祈禱,而且還辛苦勞作。這主要是由於他們面對幾乎無法克服的障礙而作出的不懈努力,目前對婦女教育的興趣歸功於它的存在。

現在輪到我了。我們在回應責任時會做些什麼?

* * *

為了促進這樣的事業,我們學生應該發揮主導作用。對我們來說,尤其是最先出現的女孩,將成為開拓者的職責,如果我們分享,我們的將是榮譽和榮耀。

中國的福利以及它作為一個獨立國家的存在可能取決於對其婦女的遲緩正義。因為沒有一個國家能夠在文明方面取得真正和持久的進步,除非其女性能做到跟男子即使不是齊頭並進也要緊緊追近。


[婦女選舉權]只不過是對我們正義和平等觀念的更廣泛應用。我們都相信民主的觀念;婦女選舉權或女權主義運動(婦女選舉權是第四部分)是民主對婦女的適用。


李美步:牧師和社區服務工作者

完成學業后,李美步博士完全有意回到中國。紐約市大都會浸信會公報報道:

1923年3月28日,李小姐乘船前往法國,現在她正在從事歐洲經濟學研究,為她的祖國中國服務做更充分的準備,以擔當光榮大任。

在她的一封信中,李小姐說:「我為美國感謝上帝,這給了我很好的發展機會和對知識領域如此敏銳的洞察力。我覺得我的生活必須致力於幫助我自己的人民。

作為一名女性選舉權利倡導者和女權主義者,李博士對在女性傳教士和社會改革組織中的職業生涯不太感興趣。

但是在次年11月,她父親李德牧師在調解對抗唐人街幫派之間的和平時去世了。 李美步然後回到紐約市,向她的母親傾訴,並承擔起傳道的責任。隨著中國情況的惡化,時局的希望變得暗淡。很明顯,任務和社區中心的生存取決於李美步的技能。


1925年夏天,5月30日運動在中國爆發,而李博士正準備重新致力於唐人街的使命。她停下來向會眾寫了一封勸誡信。在這一過程中,她表現出對中國的熱愛,以及在運動中越來越反基督教的敵意中捍衛基督教。我在下面摘錄了一個選項。 [整個信件可以在此鏈接下載]。

所有這一切都導致人們認為我們比以往任何時候都更需要基督教。這是整個世界以及特定國家和人民的需要。這是我們每個人作為個人的需要。畢竟,一個國家只是其個人的總和。如果我們沒有合格的公民,我們就永遠不會有一個好國家。

因此,即使在這個興奮的時刻,不僅有時間聚集基督徒,而且特別需要我們應該聚集在一起,以更新我們的信仰和信任,並重新解決我們每個人都將成為更有價值的門徒福音和傳播基督。

我們可能會責怪外國政府和人民,我們可能會抗議,甚至可能流血。除非擁有合格的公民,否則中國永遠不會強大。不僅外部有敵人,內部的敵人更加危險。我們能夠真正制勝的唯一方法是通過將基督置於其中而通過內心。

重要的不是國籍。並非所有中國人都值得信任,並非所有外國人都急於消滅我們。我們有很多外國朋友非常渴望幫助我們贏得自己的權利。不同之處在於他們心中有基督教。在一些外國政府中,公民非常有興趣看到我們公平競爭,他們說服政府以反映和贊助他們的個人意見。

因此,讓我們不要忘記我們在特派團工作的重要性。它可能看起來很小,但影響非常大。我們投入的每一點都很重要。正如你的主席曾在我們的工作中對我說的那樣,「我們必須是激進的」。我們因為新的認識而重新致力於我們的任務,每一個進入使命的男孩都會認識基督。

基督教是中國的救贖,是整個世界的救贖。國籍不會分裂我們因為我們是一個人的心。讓我們祈禱中國將為基督而存在。

李美步對中國的興趣可能從未減弱。但是我沒有找到關於她在1950年共產黨勝利的想法的文件。無論如何,她將餘生都獻給了小教堂和社區服務中心,毫無疑問,她對紐約唐人街不斷增長的兒童和家庭人口產生了影響。

1925年7月3日 李美步博士給教友的一封信(背景介紹和原文)
Letter from Dr. Mabel Lee to New York Chinese Baptist Church members (dated July 3rd, 1925) 

Note: This letter is located in the archives of the New York Chinese Baptist Church. It illustrates the deep concern that Chinese Christians in the United felt about developments in China in 1925. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) had died on March 12. China was internally divided and unable to fend off foreign domination. Frustration and unrest led to a major labor and antiimperialist movement, known as the May 20th movement [五卅運動]. The incident that sparked the movement occurred when Shanghai Municipal Police officers fired into a crowd of student protesters in the International Settlement on May 30, 1925. The demonstrators were angered by the previous arrest of several students who were on their way to the funeral of a fellow activist. The shootings left several demonstrators dead and nation-wide anti-foreign demonstrations and riots erupted. The May 30th movement received international censure. Many within the movement turned against Christianity and renewed its identification with Western imperialism. For a generation, mainline Chinese Protestants had claimed that Christianity was the key to democracy and modernization. They pointed to Sun Yat-sen, the establishment of the Republic, and key leaders in an emerging China who professed faith as evidence. But this new turn put many Chinese Christians on the defensive. In Dr. Mabel Lee』s letter to her congregation, she is sympathetic towards the May 30th movement, but continued to defend Christianity as 「the salvation of China.」 — Tim Tseng (Dec. 12, 2013) * * * * 

July 3rd, 1925 
Dear Fellow-Members; 

As I am sitting down to write this letter to you I can hear some friends of mine discussing the situation in China and their earnestness makes them quite oblivious of even my typewriter going on near them. 

Yes, I think all Chinese are very much absorbed in the daily news we receive from China; and not only the Chinese, but all our friends who are interested in our country. We all hope that this may prove an opportunity for the restoration of some of our rights enabling us make further progress in gaining for China her rightful place among the nations. 

Of course we feel that we have been deeply wronged by various governments, that we must protest against their attitude, that we must make them understand we will not tolerate such treatment. And we feel this so strongly that some are willing to advocate even very serious measures, ready to sacrifice their lives if it will help the cause. 

And on the other side there are governments and peoples watching us with cold calculating eyes, not willing to yield an inch if it can be avoided. They still feel that it is their 「burden」 to overrun other nations weaker than they, because it is to advance their civilization. 

Needless to say that it is such covetous attitudes which cause all the trouble and has always caused troubles between nations as well as individuals. And not only on the part of foreign governments and their agents, but on the part of our own people who have given foreign powers their chance by their betrayal of our country. Attracted by individual gain and profit they forget all their fellow-countrymen. 

And all this leads to the thought that we need Christianity more than ever. It is the need of the whole world, as well as the particular nations and peoples. And it is the need of every one of us as individuals. For after all, a nation is only the sum of its individuals. We can never have a fine country if we do not have the right kind of citizens in it. 

Thus even at this time of excitement there is not only time for a gathering of Christians, but special need that we should thus come together to renew our faith and trust, and resolve anew that we will each be more worthy disciples in wining more to the gospel and spreading Christ. 

We might blame foreign governments and people, we may protest, and we may even shed blood. But China can never be strong unless she has the right kind of citizens. It is not only the enemy without. The enemy within is ever more dangerous. And the only way we can really conquer is through the heart, by putting Christ within. 

It is not the nationality which counts. Not all Chinese are to be trusted, and not all foreigners are anxious to crush us. We have many foreign friends who are very anxious to help us win our rights. The difference lies in the fact that they have Christianity in their hearts. And in some foreign governments, the citizens are so much interested in seeing that we have fair play, that they have persuaded their governments to reflect and sponsor their individual opinions. 

Let us therefore not forget the significance of our work in the Mission. It may seem very small, but the influence is very vast. Every little we put in counts. 「We must be militant」 as your chairman once said to me, in our work. That we because of new realization rededicate ourselves to our tasks, that every boy who comes into the Mission will be made to know Christ. 

Christianity is the salvation of China, and the salvation of the whole world. Nationality does not divide us for we are one at heart. Let us pray that China will be for Christ. 

I have been writing this letter just as the thoughts came to me, and now I feel guilty for having taken so much of your time. I feel I am missing a great deal not to be able to be present with you all to have the inspiration which your presence give. But I hope you will write me when you have time to do so. (Mail will have to be addressed to my home address 548 Riverside Dr. where it will be forwarded to me as I have not yet a steady address.) And I find encouragement in even the thought alone of knowing of your meeting. 

Real summer is here with July and August. I hope you will all not work too hard, but have some rest and recreation during this hot weather. 

With my best regards to you all. 

Faithfully yours, 
Mabel Lee



高興

感動

同情

搞笑

難過

拍磚

支持
1

鮮花

剛表態過的朋友 (1 人)

發表評論 評論 (2 個評論)

回復 fanlaifuqu 2018-7-29 22:48
我沒笑,但被感動了!
回復 change? 2018-7-29 22:58
fanlaifuqu: 我沒笑,但被感動了!
Hi, Good Morning! 同感!李美步郵局作為美華文化精神象徵,比那裡的孔子和林則徐像更有新的啟示意義。

facelist doodle 塗鴉板

您需要登錄后才可以評論 登錄 | 註冊

關於本站 | 隱私權政策 | 免責條款 | 版權聲明 | 聯絡我們

Copyright © 2001-2013 海外華人中文門戶:倍可親 (http://big5.backchina.com) All Rights Reserved.

程序系統基於 Discuz! X3.1 商業版 優化 Discuz! © 2001-2013 Comsenz Inc.

本站時間採用京港台時間 GMT+8, 2025-6-22 20:16

返回頂部