[分享]怎樣分析句子

[:775:] 怎樣分析句子
難句的典型結構:
1、 長成分(句子的某一成分有很多修飾,很長,超過人眼的視力範圍,造成理解上的困難)

1）、長從句做主語、賓語及其他成分
a、 主語從句：主語是一個從句構成，使其與謂語相隔較遠
b、 賓語從句：賓語是一個從句構成，造成與謂語的脫節

2）、長狀語：較長的狀語，可能是從句構成，也可能是層層修飾的原因

3）、層層修飾：大量的修飾成分疊加

4）、並列成分

2、 常見倒裝搭配

（1）、及物動詞加介詞：固定片語的固定搭配中，經常出現倒裝情況，如：bring A to B，寫作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer's argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
類似的情況：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等。

（2）、及物動詞加副詞
例：make possible …(單詞或者句子)

3、 省略的幾種情況
（1）、重複的成分
（2）、讓步轉折的省略：如although (but)
（3）、定語從句引導詞的省略which（that ）
（4）、定語從句的引導詞和系動詞同時省略，變成後置定語
如：qualities(such as "the capacity for hard work") essential in producing wealth

4、 短語被分割：如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

5、 多重否定：如：
Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .
難句的訓練方法：
每位學英語的朋友，在閱讀的過程中都有可能遇到各式各樣的難句，如果一時不能理解，那麼把它摘抄下來，以便以後適當的時間仔細的研讀，多遍閱讀，直到讀的很順為止，古人云書讀多遍，其義自現，學英語其實也是這個道理，剛開始積累的難句可能越來越多，當積累了幾十句之後，發現豁然開朗，慢慢不懂的句子會越來越少。當然在這個過程中實在有不能弄懂的句子，還可以拿到論壇上來討論。
下面幾章，我們將有淺入深，帶領大家分析一些難句，使大家掌握分析的方法，也算拋磚引玉，以期對提高大家的閱讀能力，有所幫助。

Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
在英語中，最常見的句子結構Ａ　is　Ｂ，有時侯寫作的人出於某種目的，偏要寫作Ｂ　is　Ａ。上面的句子就是這樣的形式，可改寫為：　The American antelope, or pronghorn is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent.美洲羚羊，或稱叉角羚，是該大陸的典型的草原動物。　　
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
這句話是一種典型的倒裝結構　of ..., A do B.　它的實際結構是A of ... do B.　這句話的結構實際為How many people of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986 will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.　在１９８６年看到哈雷慧星的成百上千的人當中，又有多少人能夠有幸活到２１世紀看到它再次返回呢？　　
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
這句話的典型結構是一個賓語從句，較難是因為它的賓語從句的主語是並列成分，這裡的並列成分無其它成分修飾，還來的比較短，所以還不至於看不懂。翻譯：人類學家已經發現，恐懼、快樂、悲傷和驚奇（會共通地反應在人的表情上）都會形於色，這是人類共通的。　　
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
這句話的結構是Because of sth. , A do B. 翻譯：由於苯酚對人體的刺激性作用，它基本上不再被當作常用的防腐劑了。　
5. In order to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
這句話的結構重點是in the long run 割裂了主語和謂語，另外就是consumers consider useful or desirable 是修飾something的定語從句。它的結構可調整為：In order to remain in existence , a profit-making organization must produce something consumers consider useful or desirable in the long run.為了生存，一個贏利的公司必須長期製造有用和消費者需要的產品。　　
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
這句話是典型的the more...., the more....的句型。一個地方的人口越多，對水、運輸和廢物處理的需求就越大。　　
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
這句話的結構是it is more adj. to do sth. than to do sth. 簡明、直接、有效的寫作難於花哨、含混而意思模糊的表達。　　
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
結構為with sth. doing sth., A do B. 隨著現代辦公室越來越自動化，設計師們正試圖使用溫暖、而又不太嚴肅的內部裝飾使其人性化。　　
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
結構the difference between a and b is that a is sth while b is another. 翻譯：誹謗和流言的區別在於前者是書面的，而後者是口頭的。　　
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
結構：A is B where...。　翻譯；膝蓋就是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。

[:816:] indigo[/COLOR]

不錯不錯~~！
indigo？what do u mean?