《幽夢影》―― 林語堂譯, 英漢對照 (全篇連載中)

品格――之十九

予嘗謂二氏不可廢，非襲夫大養濟院之陳言也。蓋名山勝景，我輩每思蹇裳就之，使非琳宮梵剎，則倦時無可駐足，飢時誰與授餐？忽有疾風暴雨，五大夫果真足恃乎？又或丘壑深邃，非一日可了，豈能露宿以待明日乎？虎豹蛇虺，能保其不為人患乎？又或為士大夫所有，果能不問主人，任我之登陟憑弔而莫之禁乎？不特此也，甲之所有，乙思起而奪之，是啟爭端也；祖父之所創建，子孫貧力不能修葺，其傾頹之狀，反足令山川減色矣，然此特就名山勝境言之耳，即城市之內，與夫四達之衢，亦不可少此一種。客游可作居停，一也；長途可以少憩，二也；夏之茗，冬之薑湯，復可以濟役夫負戴之困，三也，凡此皆就事理言之，非二氏福報之說也。
語堂曰：這是保存佛教道教的妙論。

I think Buddhism and Taoism are most useful and should not be destroyed. For when we visit the famous mountains, it is often difficult to find a good resting place for tired feet, or have meals and refreshments except at the temples, or to rush into shelter in case of rain. Sometimes a journey takes several days, and on cannot stop in the open overnight without fear of tigers and leopards… But even in cities, it is necessary to have temples for a stopover in long journeys, for rest in a short one, for having tea in summer, ginger soup in winter, and for a rest for the carriers. This is a practical consideration, and has nothing to do with the theory of retribution.
Yutang: What a curious defense for the existence of Buddhism and Taoism!

<品格篇> 完

(未完待續)

希望大家不是光說喜歡而收藏它, 而是真正閱讀和領會.

婦女與朋友――之一

以愛花之心愛美人，則領略自饒別趣；以愛美人之心愛花，則護惜倍有深情。
（冒）辟疆曰：能如此，方是真領略，真護惜也。
竹坡曰：花與美人何幸遇此東君。

To love a beautiful woman with the sentiment of loving flowers increases the keenness of admiration;to love flowers with the sentiment of loving women increases one』s tenderness in protecting them.
Pichiang: Only in this spirit can true appreciation and true tenderness be shown.
Chupo: What luck for flowers and women to meet such a lover!

婦女與朋友――之二

美人之勝於花者，解語也；花之勝於美人者，生香也，二者不可得兼，捨生香而取解語者也。
（王）勿翦曰：飛燕吹氣若蘭，合德體自生香，薛瑤英肌肉皆香，則美人又何嘗不生香也。

Women are flowers that can talk, and flowers are women which give off fragrance.Rather enjoy talk than fragrance.
Wuchien: A correction here. Queen Feiyen』s breath was like orchid, Queen Hoteh had a fragrant body odor, and Shuch Yaoying』s flesh and skin were said to emit a certain perfume. It is not only flowers that smell good.

婦女與朋友――之三

女子自十四五歲至二十四五歲，此十年中，無論燕秦吳越，其音大都嬌媚動人，一睹其貌，則美惡判然矣。耳聞不如目見，於此益信。
含徵曰：簾為妓衣，亦殊有見。
竹坡曰：家有少年丑婢者，當令隔屏私語，滅燭侍寢何如？
永清曰：若逢美貌而惡聲者，又當何如？

Girls between fourteen and twenty-five of whatever locality usually have a charming accent, but when you see their faces, there is a great difference between the ugly and the beautiful.
Hanchen: There is some truth in the saying that the bamboo screen is the courtesan』s means of attraction.
Chupo: When one has an ugly maid, it is not a bad idea to insist on talking with her across a door, or if there are a number of them, listen to them whispering in the next room.
Yungching: But if there is a pretty one with a coarse masculine voice, what are you going to do?

婦女與朋友――之四

所謂美人者，以花為貌，以鳥為聲，以月為神，以柳為態，以玉為骨，以冰雪為膚，以秋水為姿，以詩詞為心，吾無間然矣。

For a woman to have the expression of a flower, the voice of a bird, the soul of the moon, the posture of the willow, bones of jade and a skin of snow, the charm of an autumn lake and the heart of poetry---that would indeed be perfect.

婦女與朋友――之五

花不可見其落，月不可見其沉，美人不可見其夭。種花須見其開，待月須見其滿，著書須見其成，美人須見其暢適方有實際，否則皆為虛設。
（朱）其恭曰：君言謬矣。洵如所云，則美人必見其發白齒豁而後快耶？
（注）原文似為兩條：前三句為一條，其後六句是另一條。

Avoid seeing the wilting of flowers, the decline of the moon, and the death of young women. One should wait to see the flowers in bloom after planting them, see the full moon after waiting days for it , and complete writing a book after starting it, and should see to it that a beautiful woman is happy and gay. Otherwise, all the labors are in vain.
Chikung: I doubt this statement. Do you want to see a beautiful woman grow old until she has a wrinkled face and a toothless mouth?

婦女與朋友――之六

閑人之硯固欲其佳，而忙人之硯尤不可不佳；娛情之妾固欲其美，而廣嗣之妾亦不可不美。
含徵曰：硯美下墨可也，妾美招妒奈何？
竹坡曰：妒在妾，不在美。

A sholar』s inkstone should be exquisite, but so should a businessman』s. A concubine for pleasure should be beautiful, but so should also a concubine for continuing the family line.
Hanchen: An exquisite inkstone takes ink better and that is all there is to it. But a pretty concubine invites jealousy. What are you going to do about it?
Chupo: Jealousy is in women, whether the concubine is pretty or not.

婦女與朋友――之七

看曉妝宜於傅粉之後。
（余）淡心曰：看晚妝，不知心齋以為宜於何時。
（周）冰持曰：不可說，不可說。
（龐）天池曰：看殘妝宜於微醉后，然眼花繚亂矣。

It is good to look at a lady at her morning toilet after she has powdered her face.
Tanshin: What would be the time to look at a lady』s evening toilet? What is Shintsai』s opinion?
Pingchih: Hush!Hush!
Tienchih: For evening toilet, the time should be when the lady is slightly drunk.But at that time one』s eyes are blurred, too.

婦女與朋友――之八

昔人云，婦人識字多致誨淫，予謂此非識字之過也。蓋識字則非無聞之人，其淫也，人易得而知耳。
竹坡曰：此名士持身不可不加謹也。
若金曰：貞者識字愈貞，淫者不識字亦淫。

There is an ancient saying that women who can read and write are apt to have loose morals. My opinion is that this is not the fault of education, but that when an educated woman has loose morals, the public gets to know about it more quickly.
Chupo: That is why famous scholars should also be particularly careful about their conduct.
Jochin: The chaste become more chaste with education. The licentious will be licentious without education.

婦女與朋友――之九

才子遇才子，每有憐才之心；美人遇美人，必無惜美之意。我願來世托生為絕代佳人，一反其局而後快。
a山曰：諺雲，鮑老當筵笑郭郎，笑他舞袖太郎當，若教鮑老當筵舞，轉更郎當舞袖長，則為之奈何。
（鄭）蕃修曰：俟心齋來世為佳人時再議。
（余）湘客曰：古亦有我見猶憐者。
永清曰：再來早，不可忘卻。

When a scholar meets another scholar, usually there is a feeling of mutual sympathy, but when one beauty meets another, the sense of tenderness toward beauty is always lacking. May I be born a beautiful woman in the next life and change all that!
Hoshan: There is an old popular verse which says, 「Old Pao laughs at Kuo for his clumsy sleeves during a dance; when Pao is asked to dance during dinner, his sleeves are even more unmanageable.」 Then what?
Fanshiu: Wait till Shintsai is born a woman and see!
Shiangke: Remember the ancient remark of a woman about another woman, 「Even I fall in love with her.」
Yungching: Don』t forget, Shintsai, when you come back!

婦女與朋友――之十

予嘗欲建一無遮大會，一祭歷代才子，一祭歷代佳人。俟遇有真正高僧，即當為之。
天石曰：君若果有此盛舉，請遲至二三十年之後，則我亦可拜領盛情也。
釋中洲曰：我是真正高僧，請即為之，何如？不然則此二種沉魂滯魄何日而得解脫耶？
含徵曰：折柬雖具而未有定期，佳人亦復怨聲載道，我恐非才子而冒為才子，非佳人而冒為佳人，雖有十萬八千母陀羅臂，亦不能具香廚法膳也，心齋以為然否？
釋遠峰曰：中洲和尚，不得奪我施主。
語堂曰：好和尚！我們常忘了和尚也是凡人。

I propose to hold a grand temple gathering for sacrifices to all the famous beauties and all the great poets of the past, with absolutely free intermingling of the men and women. When I find a first-class monk of real learning, I am going to do it.
Tienchih: Wait another twenty or thirty years so that I can be counted among the honored spirits.
[Monk] Chungchou: I am a first-class monk. Hurry up and do it. Their spirits are waiting to be liberated from their netherworld troubles.
Hanchen: The invitation is ready, but no date has been fixed. The souls of the ancient beauties and poets will be getting impatient. Also I am  that there will be a number of souls who consider themselves beauties and poets and will come univited. The temple cook will never be able to provide meals for such a crowd. What do you think, Shintsai?
[Monk] Yuanfeng: Shintsai is my client. Brother Chungchou is trying to take him away from me.
Yutang: What monks! It is difficult to bear in mind that monks are also human.

婦女與朋友――之十一

一介之士必有密友。密友不必定是刎頸之交。大率雖千百里之遙皆可相信，而不為浮言所動，聞有謗之者，即多方為之辨析而後已。事之宜行宜止者，代為籌畫決斷，或事當利害關頭有所需而後濟者，即不必與聞，亦不慮其負我與否，竟為力承其事。此皆所謂密友也。

A scholar must have bosom friends. By a bosom friend I do not mean necessarily one who has sworn a pledge of friendship for life and death, but one who has faith to you against rumors, although separated by a thousand miles, and tries every means to explain it away; who will assume the responsibility and make a decision for you, or in case of need make a financial settlement, even without letting you know or worrying whether he will be repaid. This is what I call a bosom friend.

婦女與朋友――之十二

雲映日而成霞，泉掛岩而成瀑，所託者異而名亦因之，此友道之所以可貴也。
竹坡曰：非日而雲不映，非岩而泉不掛，此友道之所以當擇也。

A cloud becomes multicolored when it reflects the sun, and a mountain current becomes a fall when it passes over a cliff. Things become different from what they associate with. That is why friendship is so valued.
Chupo: The character of the multicolored cloud and the waterfall depends on the sun and the cliff. That is why friends must be chosen carefully.

婦女與朋友――之十三

發前人未發之論方是奇書；言妻子難言之情乃為密友。
雲士曰：《幽夢影》一書所發者皆未發之論，所言者皆難言之情，欲語羞雷同，可以題贈。

A remarkable book is one which says something never said before; a bosom friend is one who will confide in you all his heartfelt feelings.
Yunshih: This book can be said to say things never said before and reveals heartfelt feelings.

婦女與朋友――之十四

天下有一人知己可以不恨。
（註：這條刪掉「物亦有知己」的部分。）

One does not live in vain if there is one in this world who truly understands oneself.

婦女與朋友――之十五

對淵博友如讀異書，對風雅友如讀名人詩文，對謹飭友如讀聖賢經傳，對滑稽友如讀傳奇小說。
聖許曰：（讀）這幾種書亦如對這幾種人矣。
竹坡曰：善於讀書取友之言。
（注）聖許的評語似乎應加一「讀」字於其首，才能配合張潮的意思，才可以說是這一條的評語。

To talk with a learned friend is like reading a remarkable book; with a romantic friend, like reading good prose and poetry; with an upright friend, like reading the classics; with a humorous friend, like reading fiction.
Shengshu: To read these various kinds of books is also like talking to these various kinds of friends.
Chupo: Such a statement comes from one who really appreciates books and friends.

婦女與朋友――之十六

鄉居須得良朋始佳，若田夫樵子僅能辨五穀而測晴雨，久且數未免生厭矣。而友之中又當以能詩為第一，能談次之，能畫次之，能歌又次之，解觴政者又次之。
含徵曰：說鬼話者又次之。
日戒曰：奔走於權貴之門者自應以說鬼話為第一，而諸客次之。
永清曰：能詩者必能說鬼話。
雲士曰：三說遞進，愈轉愈妙，滑稽之雄。

It is necessary to have good friends when living in the country. One can get tired of the peasants who talk only of the crops and the weather. Among friends, those who write poetry are the best; next, those good at conversation; next, those who paint; next, those who can sing; and lastly, those who can play wine games.
Hanchen: Those who talk fantastic drivel should be the last.
Jihchieh: Among the guests in a rich man』s house, those who talk fantastic drivel usually rank among the first.
Yungching: Poets always can talk fantastic drivel.
Yunshih: I like this. It gets better and better.

婦女與朋友――之十七

上元須酌豪友,端午須酌麗友,七夕須酌韻友,中秋須酌淡友,重九須酌逸友。
（朱）菊山曰:我於諸友中當何所屬耶？
（王）武徵曰:君當在豪與韻之間耳。
（王）名友曰:維揚麗友多,豪友少,韻友更少，至於淡友逸友，則銷跡矣。
竹坡曰:諸友易得,發心酌之者為難能耳。
天石曰:除夕須酌不得意之友。
（徐）硯谷曰：惟我則無時不可酌耳。
（尤）謹庸曰：上元酌燈,端午酌彩絲,七夕酌雙星,中秋酌月,重九酌菊,則吾友俱備矣。

Drink a toast to cavalier friends during the Lantern Festival [fifteenth of January], to handsome friends during the Dragon Boat Festival [fifth day of fifth moon], to charming friends on the Double Seventh [the seventh of seventh moon], to friends of mild disposition during the Harvest Moon [fifteenth of eighth moon], and to romantic friends on the Double Ninth [ninth day of ninth moon].
Chushien: Where do you classify me?
Wuchen: You are somewhere between the cavalier and the charming friend.
Mingyu: In Yangchow, there are plenty of handsome friends, less cavalier friends, and still less charming friends. As for mild friends and romantic friends, they simply do not exist. (Yangchow was the center of luxury.)
Chupo: There are always such friends to be found. What I appreciate most is the author』s thought of toasting them on such occasions.
Tienchih: On New Year』s Eve, we should toast our less fortunate friends.
Yenku: Toast me any time of the year.
Chinyung: I have a suggestion. Drink a toast to the lanterns at the Lantern Festival, to the colored ribbons on the racing boats during Dragon Boat, to the Pair of Lovers in the sky on the Double Seventh, to the moon during the Harvest Moon, and to chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth. Then all the friends will come by themselves, attracted by the sentiments.

婦女與朋友――之十八

求知己於朋友易，求知己於妻妾難，求知己於君臣則尤難之難。
名友曰：求知己於妾易，求知己於妻難，求知己於有妾之妻尤難。
竹坡曰：求知己於兄弟亦難。
含徵曰：求知己於鬼神則反易耳。

It is easier to find real understanding among friends than among one』s wife and mistresses. Between a king and his ministers, such a close understanding is even more rare.
Mingyu: It is more difficult to find understanding in one』s wife than in one』s mistress, and doubly difficult in a wife with a mistress in the home.
Chupo: Such understanding is rare also between brothers.
Hanchen: On the other hand, the gods and spirits seem to understand us better.