Let me tell you something that we Israelis have against Moses. He took us 40 years through the desert in order to bring us to the one spot in the Middle East that has no oil!
Golda Meir
reported 06/10/1973 on The New York Times
If a Roman citizen had a child outside of conubium(the right to contract a legal marriage), the child took the status of its mother. If the mother was not a citizen, the child was not a Roman citizen and could even be a slave.
Children born to Roman legionaries during their military service were NOT citizens. it was illegal for legionaries to wed while serving their 20-year tour of duty and, thus, there could be no conubium. Since the mothers of legionaries' children generally were not Roman citizens themselves, in the eyes of Roman law the children simply received the status and nationality of the mother.
約瑟在埃及的時代,聖經考古學家及埃及古物學者們持兩種說法,端賴他們對以色列人出埃及的時間而定。至於出埃及的時間,也有不同的演演算法:分為「早出埃及"(High Exodus Date)及「晚出埃及"(Low Exodus Date)兩種。前者是根據聖經(《列王紀上》6:1),推算以色列人應在公元前十五世紀(1446 BC 前後)出埃及。以此加上雅各的兒子們在埃及為奴約四百多年,約瑟任埃及宰相的時間,應當在公元前十九世紀,正值中王國第十二王朝法老瑟所提斯二世(Sesostris II, 1897-1878 BC)至三世(Sesostris III, 1878-1843 BC)時期。「晚出埃及"派則認為蘭塞二世(Ramses II, 1304 1237 BC)應是出埃及時的法老。原因之一是以蘭塞時間向上推四百多年,正好是埃及人處於希克索人統治手中。身為迦南人的希克索,也許較會任用閃族人約瑟為宰相。兩種說法,見仁見智,各有其主觀及客觀的理由。基督教福音派的學者比較偏向於「早出埃及"的說法。原因除了忠於上述《列王紀上》及《出埃及記》的提示外,(《士》11:26)也記載了當時以色列民已在迦南地居住了三百多年。如果要在法老蘭塞與以色列王國開始(1000 BC)之間,再加入四百多年的征服迦南及士師時期,實在是很困難。考古學家亞寧教授(Charles F. Aling)在他所著《埃及與聖經歷史》中,對他認為約瑟應是中王朝時期的宰相,提出他的看法:(注3)