《幽夢影》―― 林語堂譯, 英漢對照 (全篇連載中)

人生――之二十二

人須求可入詩，物須求可入畫。
（龔）半千曰：物之不可入畫者，豬也，阿堵物也，惡少年也。
竹坡曰：詩亦求可見得人，畫亦求可像個物。
（石）天外曰：人須求可入畫，物須求可入詩，亦妙。
  
So live that your life may be like a poem. Arrange things so that they look
like they are in a painting.
Panchien :There are things that will never look like they are in a painting:
pigs, dollar bills, and juvenile delinquents.
Chupo: Poems, on the other hand, would also like to be like real life, and
paintings would like to be like things.
Tienwai: It is also possible to say: "So live as to be like a painting, and
arrange furniture so that the room looks like a poem."

人生――之二十三

昔人云，若無花、月、美人，不願生此世界。予益一語雲，若無翰墨、棋、酒，不必定作人身。
日戒曰：枉為人身生在世界，急宜猛省。
天石曰：海外諸國決無  墨棋酒，即有?亦不與吾同，一般有人，何也？
（胡）會來曰：若無豪傑文人，亦不需要此世界。
  
An ancient writer said,"Life would not be worth living if there were no
moon,no flowers,and no beautiful women."I might add,"It might not be important
to be born a man,if there were no pen and paper,and no chess and wine."
Jihchieh:Beware of living in vain!
Tienchih:I am sure that foreigners have no pen and paper and chess and
wine,or if they have,these things must be all different.Why,then,are human
beings also born there?
Hueilaiife would not be worth living without great heroes and writers.

人生――之二十四

願在木而為樗，願在草而為蓍，願在鳥而為鷗，願在獸而為D，願在蟲而為蝶，願在魚而
為鯤。
（鄭）破水曰：我願生生世世為頑石。
悔庵曰：願在人而為夢。
慧珠曰：願在夢而為影。
  
That I might be the shy among the trees(which is never cut down because of its
worthless timber),the shy among the grass(which can foretell events),the sea
gull among the birds(which merges with the elemnts),the chih among animals(a
kind of deer which attacks the guilty one),the butterfly among insects(which
flits among flowers),and the kun among fish(which has the freedom of the
ocean).
Poshui:I wish to be a rock!
Huei-an:I wish to be a dream!
[Miss]Hueichu:I wish to be the shadow in a dream!

人生――之二十五

莊周夢為蝴蝶，莊周之幸也；蝴蝶夢為莊周，蝴蝶之不幸也。
（黃）九煙曰：惟莊周乃能夢為  蝶，惟蝴蝶乃能夢為莊周耳。若世之擾擾紅塵者，其能
有此等夢乎？
（孫）愷似曰：君於夢之中，又占其夢耶？
含徵曰：周之喜夢為蝴蝶者，以其入花深也。若夢甫酣而乍醒，則又如嗜酒者夢赴席而為
妻驚醒，不得不加痛 崗 矣。
  
It was fortunate of Chuangtse to dream of being a butterfly,but a misfortune
for the butterfly to dream of being Chuangtse.
Chiuyuan:This is unfair to Chuangtse .Only he could have dreamed of being a
butterfly.
Kaisze:Are you dreaming of being a dream interpreter?
Hanchen:Chuangtse had that dream because he was deeply associated with the
flowers.Others might begin such a dream only,and it would be like a man
dreaming of starting a wine dinner,to be rudely waked up by his wife!

人生――之二十六

假使夢能自主，雖千里無難命駕，可不羨長房之縮地；死者可以晤對，可不需少君之招魂
；五嶽可以臥遊，可不俟婚嫁之盡畢。
九煙曰：予嘗謂鬼有時勝於人，正以其能自主耳。
含徵曰：吾恐上窮碧落下黃泉，兩地茫茫皆不見也。

That one might control one's dreams!Then one could go anywhere one
likes,conjure up the spirits of the past,and set out on a world trip without
waiting for the sons and daughters to be married first.

Chiuyuan:I sometimes think that ghosts have this advantage over men because
they can go where they like.
Hanchen:On the other hand,it is possible that ghosts go everywhere in the
upper and the nether world and see nothing at all!

人生――之二十七

少年須有老成之識見，老成人須有少年之襟懷。
含徵曰：今之鐘鳴漏盡，白髮盈頭者，若多收幾斛麥，便欲置側室，豈非有少年之襟懷耶
？獨是少年老成者少耳。
竹坡曰：十七八歲便有妾，亦居然少年老成。
若金曰：老而腐板，定非豪傑。
（王）司直曰：如此方不使歲月弄人。

Young people should have the wisdom of the old,and old people should have the heart of the young.
Hanchen:I do see white-haired old men with one foot in the grave take a concubine the moment they have a better harvest than usual.Don't they also have "the heart of the young"?But the young people who have the wisdom of the old are rare.
Chupo:There are young men who take a concubine at the age of seventeen or eighteen.So they,too,have the wisdom of the old.
Jochin:A man who feels old cannot be a great soul.
Szechihiving this way,one is not indeed just a plaything of Father Time.

人生――之二十八

躬耕吾所不能，學灌園而已矣；樵薪吾所不能，學S草而已矣。

釋菌人曰：以灌園S草自任自持，可謂不薄；然筆端隱隱有非其種者鋤而去之之意。
司直曰：予自名為識字農夫，得毋妄甚？

I cannot hope to be a farmer,but will learn watering flowers;cannot hope to become a woodcutter,but will be contented with pulling out weeds.

[Monk]Chunjen:Watering and weeding the garden is after all not a bad life.One feels here,however,that the author has a hankering to weed out and cast off a lot of things he does not like.
Szechih:I call myself a "literate farmer".Is that presumptuous?

人生――之二十九

高語山林者，輒不善談市朝事、審若此則當並廢《史》《漢》諸書而不讀矣，蓋諸書所載
皆古之市朝也。
竹坡曰：高語者，必是虛聲處士。真入山者，方能經綸市朝。

Recluse scholars often disdain to discuss affairs of the government.But history is full of affairs of the government.Should one stop reading history,too?They cannot have meant it.
Chupo:Sometimes,these things are affectations.A real recluse scholar can also assume the helm of government if he is asked to.

人生――之三十

凡事不宜刻，若讀書則不可不刻；凡事不宜貪，若買書則不可不貪；凡事不宜痴，若行善則不可不痴。
聖藻曰：行善不痴，是邀名矣。

A man must not be fastidious about other things,but he must be about reading.He must not be greedy ,except in buying books. He should not be a confirmed addict, except in the habit of doing good and helping others.
Shengtsao:One who helps others not as an instinctive habit may be doing so to be talked about.

人生――之三十一

文名可以當科第，儉德可以當貨材，清閑可以當壽考。
（聶）晉人曰：若名人而登科第，富翁而不驕奢，壽翁而又清閑，便是蓬台三島中人也。
（范）汝受曰：此亦是貧賤文人無所事事自為慰藉雲耳，恐亦無實在受用處也。
（曾）青藜曰：無事此靜坐，一日似兩日。若活七十年，便是百四十。此是清閑當壽考註腳。

To enjoy literary fame can take the place of passing imperial examinations;to manage to live within one's means can take the place of wealth;to lead a life of leisure can well be the equivalent of a long life.
Chinjen:But if a famous scholar also passes the examinations,is rich and has learned to live simply without being a slave to wealth,and reaches a venerable age and enjoys a life of leisured--would not such a man be living the life of a fairy?
Jushou:I am  that poor scholars like to comfort themselves with this thought.I do not think one can derive any benefit from it.
Tsingli:It has been said that if a man will sit idly,he can make a day as long as two days and therefore have a life span of a hundred forty when he lives to seventy.

人生――之三十二

涉獵雖曰無用，猶勝於不通古今；清高固然可嘉，莫流於不識時務。
竹坡曰：不合時宜，則可；不達時務，奚其可？

Random reading and browsing are better than not being acquainted with books at all;it is all right to be detached,but not to be ignorant of the trend of the times.
Chupo:There is a distinction between resisting conventions and fashions of thought,and being ignorant of them.

人生――之三十三

有山林隱逸之樂而不知享者，漁樵也，農圃也，緇黃也；有園亭姬妾之樂而不能享、不善享者，富商也，大僚也。
弟木山曰：有山珍海錯而不能享者，庖人也；有牙籤玉軸而不能讀者，蠹魚也，書賈也。

There are those who have the beauties of forests and hills before their eyes,but do not appreciate them--the fishermen,woodcutters,peasants,and the black and yellow[Buddhist and Taoist monks]--and others who have gardens,terraces and women,but often fail to enjoy them for lack of time or of culture--the rich merchants and high officials.
[Younger brother] Mushan:There are those who have good food and cannot enjoy it--the cooks--and those who are in daily touch with rare editions and fine bindings but cannot read them--the moths and book dealers.

人生――之三十四

清宵獨坐，邀月言愁；良夜孤眠，呼蛩語恨。
（黃）孔植曰：此逆旅無聊之況，心齋亦知之乎？

To sit alone at night and invite the moon to tell it one's sorrows;to sleep alone at night and call to the crickets and pour out one's regrets.
Kungchih:Shintsai really knows the heart of a lonely traveler abroad.

人生――之三十五

官聲采於輿論，豪右之口與寒乞之口俱不得其真；花案定於成心，艷媚之評與寢陋之評概恐失其實。
永清曰：我謂眾人唾罵者，其人必有可觀。
若金曰：豪右而不講分上，寒乞而不望推恩者，亦未嘗無公論。
九煙曰：先師有言，不如鄉人之善者好之，其不善者惡之。

An official's ruputation comes from public opinion,but that of his close associates and of beggars of office should be discounted.The reputation of women should come from real knowledge;the views of fans and superficial critics connot be trusted.
Yungching:Sometimes when an official runs into a barrage of opposition,we may be sure that there is something in that man.
Jochin:This is not always true.When the close associates are not making a point for their personal friends or when the beggars are not trying to secure favors,they can be just also.
Chiuyuan:Confucius had something to say on this,"It is best to be liked by the good men of the village and hated by the bad."

人生――之三十六

多情者不以生死易心，好飲者不以寒暑改量，喜讀書者不以忙閑作輟。

A true lover does not change with the years; a good drinker does not change with the seasons; a lover of books does not stop reading because of business.

人生――之三十七

立品鬚髮乎宋人之道學，涉世須參以晉代之風流。
（方）寶臣曰：真道學未有不風流者。
永清曰：等閑地位，卻是個雙料聖人。
雲士曰：有不風流之道學，有風流之道學，有不道學之風流，有道學之風流，毫釐千里。

Build one's character on the foundation of the moral teachings of the Sung Neo-Confucianists [twelfth century]; but go through life in the spirit of the Chin romanticists [third and fourth centuries].
Paochen:A real Confucianist can be quite romantic.
Yungching:That would make a double-strength saint.
Yunshih:Some puritans [Neo-Confucianists] are romantic,and some are not.Romanticists are sometimes Puritans in heart and others not at all.There is a very fine difference.

人生――之三十八

豪傑易於聖賢，文人多於才子。
竹坡曰：豪傑不能為聖賢，聖賢未有不豪傑，文人才子亦然。

It is easier to be a hero than a sage, and easier to be a writer than a real genius.
Chupo:A hero usually is not a sage,but a sage is always a true hero.The same is true of writers and geniuese.

人生――之三十九

風流自賞，只容花鳥趨陪；真率誰知，合受煙霞供養。
含徵曰：東坡有雲，當此之時，若有所思而無所思。

In self-contentment, a brilliant man takes his ease with birds and flowers; careless of popular fame, he regards himself as being served by the hilltop clouds.

Hanchen: Su Tungpo says,」 At such a time, one seems to be thinking of something, and yet is thinking of nothing. 」

人生――之四十

痛可忍而癢不可忍；苦可耐而酸不可耐。

It is easier to stand pain than to stand an itch; bitter taste is easier to bear than sour.

人生篇 完

(待續)