[語法大全]英語例句重難點及考點歸納

1. The words 「gymnastics」 and 「gym」 come from the Greek language, for it was in Greece that Olympic competitions started. (L.34)

　　劃線部分為強調句型,構成是「It is/was+被強調部分+that/who...」,被強調部分可以是句子的主語、賓語、狀語(從句)等。注意:①特殊句式:It was not until...that...;

　　②強調句型的一般疑問句和特殊疑問句。如:

　　It was not until yesterday that I got your letter.直到昨天我才收到你的來信。

　　Why was it that you did not attend the meeting yesterday?芽

　　昨天你是出於什麼原因沒有來開會?

　　[高考示例]

　　It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000)

　　A. one B. that C. what D. it

　　(注:斜體部分為最佳選項。下同。)

　　It was because of bad weather _____ the football match had to be put off.

　　(上海2003春)

　　A. so B. so that C. why D. that

　　2. There are a few simple safety measures to follow while training. (L.34)

　　在含有時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句的複合句中,若主從句的主語相同或者從句的主語為it ,且從句謂語部分含有動詞be時,常可省略從句的主語和動詞be。如:

　　Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary.

　　在必要的地方用冠詞填空。

　　Be careful when (you are) crossing the street. 過馬路時要當心。

　　Though (he was) defeated, he didn』t lose heart. 雖然被打敗,可他並不灰心。

　　[高考示例]

　　Generally speaking, _____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (上海2003)

　　A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take

　　D. when to be taken

　　3. Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous. (L.34)

　　注意區分兩種意義的副詞:high高高地(指具體高度), highly高度地;非常地(抽象意義);close靠近,closely仔細地;緊密地;wide廣大地;全部地widely廣泛地;most最;非常,mostly大多數;大部分地;just正好;剛才,justly正當地;公正地; hard努力地;猛烈地,hardly幾乎不;簡直不;late遲;晚,lately近來;最近。如:

　　Let』s unite still more closely.

　　讓我們更緊密地團結起來。

　　This method of yours is highly scientific. 你的這個方法非常科學。

　　The medicine is mostly sugar and water. 這種葯主要是糖和水。

　　He lives just round the corner.

　　他就住在拐角處。

[高考示例]

　　It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood_____ to her mother.

　　(北京2002)

　　A. close B. closely

　　C. closed D. closing

　　4.The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training. (L.35)

　　go up to her trainer and thank her...為並列的兩個不定式短語在句中作表語,其前省去了不定式符號to。  
注意: what引導的名詞性從句作主語,或all, everything等後接定語從句作主語,從句謂語部分含有動詞do或do的其他形式時,作表語的不定式常可省略不定式符號to。另外,表示並列關係的兩個不定式,后一個不定式符號to常常省略,但當兩個不定式表示對比關係時,不定式符號to常不可省略。如:

　　The only thing you can do now is (to) wait for the bus.

　　你現在唯一可以乾的事情是等公交車。

　　What you must do now is (to) ask the teacher for help.

　　你現在必須去做的是尋求老師的幫助。

　　All he did was (to) make others work. 他所做的不過是讓別人幹活。

　　I like to criticize but not to be criticized. 我喜歡批評(別人)而不喜歡被批評。

　　[高考示例]

　　The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____it more difficult. (NMET1999)

　　A. not make B. not to make

　　C. not making 　 D. do not make

　　5. Now...what was the name of the hotel he had stayed in the last time he was in Cairo?(L.38)

　　the last time是名詞片語用作連詞,引導時間狀語從句,意為「上次(做)……的時候」。the first/next time, the moment/ minute/ instant等名詞片語也有類似用法。如:

　　He was seriously ill the last time I saw him.

　　我上次見到他時,他病得很厲害。

　　I sent you the news the instant I heard it.

　　我一聽到這消息就立刻通知你了。

　　[高考示例]

　　I thought her nice and honest _____ I met her. (上海1998)

　　A. first time B. for the first time

　　C. the first time D. by the first time

　　6. He held out his hand and stopped a taxi. (L.38)

　　hold out伸出;維持; hold back 阻止;抑制(情感、情緒等);hold on等一下(不要掛電話);停住;堅持住;hold on to 抓住,抓牢(某人或某物);不把某物給予或售予他人; hold up舉起;阻礙或延誤(某人或某物)。如:

　　The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer.

　　老闆再也抑制不住怒火了。

　　Road-works on the highway are holding up traffic.

　　高速公路上的道路施工影響了交通。

　　They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他們設法堅持住直到救援到來。

　　We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.

　　我們的供應品能維持多久,我們就能在這裡呆多久。

[高考示例]

　　We thought of selling this old furniture, but we』ve decided to _____ it. It might be valuable. (NMET 2002)

　　A. hold on to B. keep up with

　　C. turn to D. look after

　　7. The two men forced open the door of Room 411, broke off the chain and pushed... (L.39)

　　1)force open意為「強行打開(門、鎖、窗戶等)」。  
類似的用法又如:tear open撕開;pushopen推開。

　　2)break off是動副片語,意為「中斷(談話、通訊等);折斷(樹枝等);突然停止;暫停;斷絕(關係);解除」等。如:

　　She had left her key in the office and had to force the door open.

　　她把鑰匙忘在了辦公室,只好強行把門打開。

　　She tore open the letter and began to read it. 她撕開了那封信,讀了起來。

　　He broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 他掰下一塊巧克力給我。

　　She broke off in the middle of a sentence. 她一句話只說了一半就停住了。

　　They have broken off their engagement. 他們已經解除了婚約。

　　The door handle has broken off.

　　門的把手斷了。

　　8. They turned round and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. (L.39)

　　astonished是形容詞化了的過去分詞,意為「感到非常吃驚的」,在句中作伴隨狀語。英語中,形容詞或形容詞短語可以在句中用作狀語,表示伴隨、原因等情況。

　　The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught.

　　小偷躲在角落裡,擔心被人抓住。

　　Easy to be with, he is warmly welcome. 因為平易近人,所以他深受歡迎。

　　Every nation, big or small, should be equal. 國家無論大小,都應一律平等。

　　Even more important, he is in charge of the project.

　　更重要的是,他負責這項工程。

　　[高考示例]

　　After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____.

　　(上海2004春)

　　A. exhausting B. exhausted

　　C. being exhausted

　　D. having exhausted