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本帖最後由 lushao 於 2010-12-4 08:59 編輯
Fwoggie問:
你擁有澳大利亞護照,你想回澳大利亞嗎?由於你公布了關於澳大利亞的電報,有可能剛下飛機即被逮捕.
朱利安.阿桑格答:
作為澳大利亞公民,我非常想念我的祖國.然而,在過去幾周內,澳大利亞總理茱莉亞.吉拉德(Julia Gillard)和司法部長羅伯特.麥克萊蘭德(Robert McClelland)明確表示,不僅不可能允許我回國,還將積極協助美國政府,攻擊我和我的戰友.這對一名澳大利亞公民意味著什麼?事實不正明擺著嗎.我們是不是要像大衛.希克斯(David Hicks)那樣,被美國政府長期羈押,以便澳大利亞的政客和外交官員可以受美國邀請,出席美國大使館的雞尾酒會呢?
girish89問:
你認為自己對世界造成了何種影響?如果你給所有支持者打電話,提供保密文件的人難道不應得到你的一句讚揚嗎?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
過去四年間,我們的目標之一就是感謝那些提供機密信息的人.在幾乎每一次泄密中,他們都承擔著實際風險;沒有他們的努力,記者將一事無成.如果事實如五角大樓所述,年輕的美軍士兵——布拉德利.曼寧(Bradley Manning)是最近幾次泄密的資料來源,那麼毫無疑問,他是一位舉世無雙的英雄.
Daithi問:
你是否曾經或計劃公布帶有阿富汗線人姓名的保密文件?你是否會審查這些資料中的人名,以確保沒人會因此遭到報復?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
維基解密已有四年的歷史.在此期間,即使是五角大樓等政府機構也未能可靠斷言,曾有人因為我們的活動受到傷害,哪怕是一個人.雖然有人竭力抹黑,試圖誤導民眾得出與事實相反的結論,但就這一點而言,我們認為不會有任何改變.
distrot問:
美國國務院正在研究你是否算得上一名記者.你是一個記者嗎?你披露了某些人不願意公開的許多信息;就此而言,你是不是一名"記者"重要嗎?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
25歲時,我與他人合著了第一本紀實文學.從那時起,我一直拍攝紀錄片,並向報紙,電視和網際網路提供紀實內容.但是,無需爭論我是不是一名記者,或當人們開始為維基解密寫作時,他們莫名其妙地被宣布不再是記者.儘管我仍在寫作,進行研究和調查,但我的主要職責是一名出版商和主編,組織和指導其他記者.
achanth問:
你是否收到過有關UFO或外星人的保密文件?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
許多人給我們發來古怪的電子郵件,內容與UFO有關,或是宣稱自己是敵基督(惡魔).但是,這些材料未能滿足我們的兩大發布原則:
1)文件不能是自己憑空創作的.
2)必須是原始文件.
但值得一提的是,一些尚未發布的保密文件確實提到了UFO.
gnosticheresy問:
那些在此次"大規模泄密"前發布的保密文件呢?維基解密會在某個時候將它們重新上線嗎?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
用戶仍可從mirror.wikileaks.info獲得這些資料的很大一部分;其餘部分將在我們解決了技術問題后立即提供.從今年4月起,我們就無法按照自己的時間錶行事,一切工作都以美國政府對我們的攻訐為中心.但是,公眾並不能輕鬆獲取或搜索我花費三年半時間所取得的成果,這令我很不高興.
CrisShutlar問:
你是否曾料到這些文件對世界的影響如此巨大?你擔心自己的安全嗎?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
我一直相信,維基解密會對世界產生影響;早在2007年時,它改變了肯亞大選的結果,因此從某種程度上說,它已經做到了這一點.我原以為,維基解密讓別人意識到它的重要作用,只需要兩年時間,實際上卻花了4年;所以我們仍略微滯后,而且還有很多工作要做.我們曾受到死亡威脅,這是公開記錄在案的;但我們已經採取了預防措施,能夠與超級大國周旋.
JAnthony問:
我是英國的一名前外交官.任職期間,我曾負責協調針對巴爾幹地區的一個野蠻政權的多變行動,對某個威脅發動種族清洗的叛亂國家實施制裁,並為一個貧窮國家爭取債務減免計劃.如果外交通訊得不到英國及其他許多自由民主國家的法律保護,其安全和機密性受不到保護,這些工作將無法開展.如果大使館無法安全地將建議和消息發回倫敦,那麼它就無法運行.
沒有保密和對消息來源的保護,外交工作無法進行.這不僅適用於美國,也適用於英國和聯合國.在公布大量保密信函的過程中,維基解密不僅特彆強調某些錯誤行為,更破壞了外交的整個流程.如果你們能夠披露美國的機密文件,自然也能將英國的電報,聯合國的電子郵件公之於眾.
我的問題是:當下一次國際危機發生時,如果由於外交系統停轉,問題無法解決,你個人是否應當為之承擔責任?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
如果你能將這封長信精簡至一個問題,我會很樂意回答.
cargun問:
在公布的機密文件中,一些關鍵人名未作修改,一些則用"XXXXX"代替,還有一些只顯示了一部分.除了美國政府,還有誰能做出關鍵決策呢?我們知道,你曾要求美國國務院就這些人名提供協助,但遭到拒絕.你能解釋一下這些文件中的人名審查嗎?此外,機密文件是否按某種順序公布?抑或只是隨機選擇?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
我們發布的文件與主流媒體的新聞報道類似.記者在詳細調查后寫作和編輯新聞稿;隨後,至少一名記者或編輯會對它進行審核.我們會對其他機構提供的材料進行審閱,以確保這一流程發揮作用.
rszopa問:
前不久,維基解密遭遇DDoS(分散式拒絕服務)攻擊,亞馬遜也宣布不再為它提供主機服務.有人認為,這兩起事件是為了提高維基解密的知名度.你同意這種觀點嗎?你是否有意為之?感謝你的工作.
朱利安.阿桑格答:
從2007年起,我們就開始有目的地將部分伺服器遷移至其他地區,以應對言論自由受到侵犯的風險.亞馬遜是其中之一案例.
abbeherrera問:
你的工作沒人能阻止.這是新世界的開始.記住,很多人在你的背後支持著你,你不是孤單地戰鬥.
你公布的保密文件有沒有涉及《反仿冒貿易協定》(以下簡稱ACTA)?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
是的,有此類文件.該協定從制定之初,就是為了滿足美國版權和專利產業巨頭的利益.事實上,是維基解密讓ACTA首次受到公眾關注.
people1st問:
加拿大總理的(前)高級顧問湯姆.弗拉納根(Tom Flanagan)最近表示:"我認為阿桑奇應該被暗殺...奧巴馬應當下達命令...如果阿桑奇失蹤了,我不會感到不高興的."你對這些作何感想?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
以嚴肅態度發表這些言論的弗拉納根先生及其他人士應當受到檢控,罪名是煽動謀殺.
Isopod問:
你為什麼認為有必要"讓維基解密面對公眾"?身份保密不是更好嗎?
如今,這場辯論已經非常個人化了,只針對你一個人:"朱利安.阿桑奇公布保密文件","朱利安.阿桑奇是恐怖分子","據稱朱利安.阿桑奇強姦婦女","朱利安.阿桑奇應當被暗殺","朱利安.阿桑奇問答",等等等等.已經沒有人把維基解密看作一個機構.甚至有許多人不知道維基解密還有其他工作人員.
我認為,這將使維基解密變得脆弱,因為你的對手可以進行人身攻擊.如果他們讓公眾相信,你是一個罪惡的,強姦婦女的恐怖分子,維基解密將聲譽掃地.此外,維基解密其他勇敢而勤奮的工作人員,也應和你一樣得到讚譽.
朱利安.阿桑格答:
這是一個有趣的問題.最初,我儘力防止維基解密為人所知,因為我不希望個人在我們的活動中扮演任何角色.這與法國的一個數學家秘密會社十分相似,他們共用筆名"布爾巴基"(The Bourbaki).然而,這種做法很快使人們對我們的身份極為好奇,還有一些人自封為維基解密的代表.然而最後必須要有人對公眾負責,組織的領袖只有勇敢面對公眾,才有資格要求消息來源承擔更大風險.我就像一根避雷針.我生活的各個方面都遭到了大量攻擊,但也收穫了極大信任.
tburgi問:
西方政府一直宣揚新聞自由受法律保護,並以此獲得道德權威.但對你和維基解密的法律制裁將會削弱這種論調.你是否同意,西方政府攻擊維基解密將使他們喪失道德權威?你相信西方政府擁有任何道德權威嗎?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
西方政府已經通過合同,貸款,控股,銀行等工具,將基本權力關係財務化了.在這樣的環境下,言論很容易 "自由",因為政治的任何變化很少導致這些基本工具的改變.在西方社會,言論幾乎不會對權力造成任何影響.
然而在像中國這樣的國家,言論審查是普遍的,因為言論是很有力量的,獨裁政黨害怕言論自由.我們應該把"言論審查制度"視為一種信號,他揭示了言論對在個國家的力量.
美國對我們的攻擊令人充滿希望,這表明言論已經具備了足夠的力量,能夠打破財務工具形成的枷鎖.
rajiv1857問:
這場比賽你們能贏嗎?技術上,你能否一直與這些國家玩捉迷藏?網路服務提供商總是被政府直接或間接控制.
如果維基解密網站被亞馬遜之類的主機服務提供商"踢走",技術上,你對這些保密文件有何備份?你們是否擁有第二手準備?你們公布的保密材料已經廣泛散播,這是否意味著停止服務並不等於比賽的結束?
朱利安.阿桑格答:
電報已經廣泛傳播,已經有10萬人獲得了加密格式的文件.如果我們遭遇不測,這些文件的關鍵部分將自動公開.此外,多家新聞機構也獲得了這些資料.歷史將會勝利.世界將變得更加美好?我們能否倖存?這取決於你們.
============================================================
原文:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/ ... n-assange-wikileaks
Julian Assange answers your questions
The founder of WikiLeaks, Julian Assange, answers readers' questions about the release of more than 250,000 US diplomatic cables
ulian Assange, WikiLeaks founder. Photograph: Carmen Valino for the Guardian
Fwoggie
I'll start the ball rolling with a question. You're an Australian passport holder - would you want return to your own country or is this now out of the question due to potentially being arrested on arrival for releasing cables relating to Australian diplomats and polices?
Julian Assange:
I am an Australian citizen and I miss my country a great deal. However, during the last weeks the Australian prime minister, Julia Gillard, and the attorney general, Robert McClelland, have made it clear that not only is my return is impossible but that they are actively working to assist the United States government in its attacks on myself and our people. This brings into question what does it mean to be an Australian citizen - does that mean anything at all? Or are we all to be treated like David Hicks at the first possible opportunity merely so that Australian politicians and diplomats can be invited to the best US embassy cocktail parties.
girish89
How do you think you have changed world affairs?
And if you call all the attention you've been given-credit ... shouldn't the mole or source receive a word of praise from you?
Julian Assange:
For the past four years one of our goals has been to lionise the source who take the real risks in nearly every journalistic disclosure and without whose efforts, journalists would be nothing. If indeed it is the case, as alleged by the Pentagon, that the young soldier - Bradley Manning - is behind some of our recent disclosures, then he is without doubt an unparalleled hero.
Daithi
Have you released, or will you release, cables (either in the last few days or with the Afghan and Iraq war logs) with the names of Afghan informants or anything else like so?
Are you willing to censor (sorry for using the term) any names that you feel might land people in danger from reprisals??
By the way, I think history will absolve you. Well done!!!
Julian Assange:
WikiLeaks has a four-year publishing history. During that time there has been no credible allegation, even by organisations like the Pentagon that even a single person has come to harm as a result of our activities. This is despite much-attempted manipulation and spin trying to lead people to a counter-factual conclusion. We do not expect any change in this regard.
distrot
The State Dept is mulling over the issue of whether you are a journalist or not. Are you a journalist? As far as delivering information that someone [anyone] does not want seen is concerned, does it matter if you are a 'journalist' or not?
Julian Assange:
I coauthored my first nonfiction book by the time I was 25. I have been involved in nonfiction documentaries, newspapers, TV and internet since that time. However, it is not necessary to debate whether I am a journalist, or how our people mysteriously are alleged to cease to be journalists when they start writing for our organisaiton. Although I still write, research and investigate my role is primarily that of a publisher and editor-in-chief who organises and directs other journalists.
achanth
Mr Assange,
have there ever been documents forwarded to you which deal with the topic of UFOs or extraterrestrials?
Julian Assange:
Many weirdos email us about UFOs or how they discovered that they were the anti-christ whilst talking with their ex-wife at a garden party over a pot-plant. However, as yet they have not satisfied two of our publishing rules.
1) that the documents not be self-authored;
2) that they be original.
However, it is worth noting that in yet-to-be-published parts of the cablegate archive there are indeed references to UFOs.
gnosticheresy
What happened to all the other documents that were on Wikileaks prior to these series of "megaleaks"? Will you put them back online at some stage ("technical difficulties" permitting)?
Julian Assange:
Many of these are still available at mirror.wikileaks.info and the rest will be returning as soon as we can find a moment to do address the engineering complexities. Since April of this year our timetable has not been our own, rather it has been one that has centred on the moves of abusive elements of the United States government against us. But rest assured I am deeply unhappy that the three-and-a-half years of my work and others is not easily available or searchable by the general public.
CrisShutlar
Have you expected this level of impact all over the world? Do you fear for your security?
Julian Assange:
I always believed that WikiLeaks as a concept would perform a global role and to some degree it was clear that is was doing that as far back as 2007 when it changed the result of the Kenyan general election. I thought it would take two years instead of four to be recognised by others as having this important role, so we are still a little behind schedule and have much more work to do. The threats against our lives are a matter of public record, however, we are taking the appropriate precautions to the degree that we are able when dealing with a super power.
JAnthony
Julian.
I am a former British diplomat. In the course of my former duties I helped to coordinate multilateral action against a brutal regime in the Balkans, impose sanctions on a renegade state threatening ethnic cleansing, and negotiate a debt relief programme for an impoverished nation. None of this would have been possible without the security and secrecy of diplomatic correspondence, and the protection of that correspondence from publication under the laws of the UK and many other liberal and democratic states. An embassy which cannot securely offer advice or pass messages back to London is an embassy which cannot operate. Diplomacy cannot operate without discretion and the
protection of sources. This applies to the UK and the UN as much as the US.
In publishing this massive volume of correspondence, Wikileaks is not highlighting specific cases of wrongdoing but undermining the entire process of diplomacy. If you can publish US cables then you can publish UK telegrams and UN emails.
My question to you is: why should we not hold you personally responsible when next an international crisis goes unresolved because diplomats cannot function.
Julian Assange:
If you trim the vast editorial letter to the singular question actually asked, I would be happy to give it my attention.
cargun
Mr Assange,
Can you explain the censorship of identities as XXXXX's in the revealed cables? Some critical identities are left as is, whereas some are XXXXX'd. Some cables are partially revealed. Who can make such critical decisons, but the US gov't? As far as we know your request for such help was rejected by the State department. Also is there an order in the release of cable or are they randomly selected?
Thank you.
Julian Assange:
The cables we have release correspond to stories released by our main stream media partners and ourselves. They have been redacted by the journalists working on the stories, as these people must know the material well in order to write about it. The redactions are then reviewed by at least one other journalist or editor, and we review samples supplied by the other organisations to make sure the process is working.
rszopa
Annoying as it may be, the DDoS seems to be good publicity (if anything, it adds to your credibility). So is getting kicked out of AWS. Do you agree with this statement? Were you planning for it?
Thank you for doing what you are doing.
Julian Assange:
Since 2007 we have been deliberately placing some of our servers in jurisdictions that we suspected suffered a free speech deficit inorder to separate rhetoric from reality. Amazon was one of these cases.
abbeherrera
You started something that nobody can stop. The Beginning of a New World. Remember, that community is behind you and support you (from Slovakia).
Do you have leaks on ACTA?
Julian Assange:
Yes, we have leaks on the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, a trojan horse trade agreement designed from the very beginning to satisfy big players in the US copyright and patent industries. In fact, it was WikiLeaks that first drew ACTA to the public's attention - with a leak.
people1st
Tom Flanagan, a [former] senior adviser to Canadian Prime Minister recently stated "I think Assange should be assassinated ... I think Obama should put out a contract ... I wouldn't feel unhappy if Assange does disappear."
How do you feel about this?
Julian Assange:
It is correct that Mr. Flanagan and the others seriously making these statements should be charged with incitement to commit murder.
Isopod
Julian, why do you think it was necessary to "give Wikileaks a face"? Don't you think it would be better if the organization was anonymous?
This whole debate has become very personal and reduced on you - "Julian Assange leaked documents", "Julian Assange is a terrorist", "Julian Assange alledgedly raped a woman", "Julian Assange should be assassinated", "Live Q&A qith Julian Assange" etc. Nobody talks about Wikileaks as an organization anymore. Many people don't even realize that there are other people behind Wikileaks, too.
And this, in my opinion, makes Wikileaks vulnerable because this enables your opponents to argue ad hominem. If they convince the public that you're an evil, woman-raping terrorist, then Wikileaks' credibility will be gone. Also, with due respect for all that you've done, I think it's unfair to all the other brave, hard working people behind Wikileaks, that you get so much credit.
Julian Assange:
This is an interesting question. I originally tried hard for the organisation to have no face, because I wanted egos to play no part in our activities. This followed the tradition of the French anonymous pure mathematians, who wrote under the collective allonym, "The Bourbaki". However this quickly led to tremendous distracting curiosity about who and random individuals claiming to represent us. In the end, someone must be responsible to the public and only a leadership that is willing to be publicly courageous can genuinely suggest that sources take risks for the greater good. In that process, I have become the lightening rod. I get undue attacks on every aspect of my life, but then I also get undue credit as some kind of balancing force.
tburgi
Western governments lay claim to moral authority in part from having legal guarantees for a free press.
Threats of legal sanction against Wikileaks and yourself seem to weaken this claim.
(What press needs to be protected except that which is unpopular to the State? If being state-sanctioned is the test for being a media organization, and therefore able to claim rights to press freedom, the situation appears to be the same in authoritarian regimes and the west.)
Do you agree that western governments risk losing moral authority by
attacking Wikileaks?
Do you believe western goverments have any moral authority to begin with?
Thanks,
Tim Burgi
Vancouver, Canada
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