從瑞典宗教變遷看基督教的霸道-瑞典1951年才有宗教自由

主條目：瑞典宗教
11世紀之前，瑞典人信仰北歐多神教，信奉阿薩神族的神靈，烏普薩拉神廟是瑞典的宗教中心。隨著11世紀的基督教化，國家的法律也做了相應的修改，禁止信奉其它宗教，直到19世紀末期才廢止。1530年代宗教改革后，瑞典不再信奉羅馬天主教，信義宗取而代之。18世紀後期，信奉猶太教和天主教等其它教派的信徒開始被允許在瑞典生活和工作。1951年，瑞典將宗教自由寫入了法律。

現在，大約75%的瑞典人屬於瑞典信義會，不過這個數字每年都在減少，定期去教堂的人亦然。[28]據統計，瑞典人大約有275,000人屬於自由教會，在瑞典生活的移民中約有92,000人信奉天主教，100,000人信奉東正教，500,000人是穆斯林[29]。

根據2005年歐盟民意調查機構進行的民意調查顯示，23%的瑞典人相信有神，53%的人認為有某種形式的精神力或生命力，23%的人不相信任何神、精神力或生命力。[30]
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8

Religion
Main article: Religion in Sweden

Uppsala Cathedral.Before the 11th century, Swedes adhered to Norse paganism, worshiping Æsir gods, with its centre at the Temple in Uppsala. With Christianization in the 11th century, the laws of the country were changed, forbidding worship of other deities into the late 19th century.

After the Protestant Reformation in the 1530s, a change significantly affected by Martin Luther's Swedish associate Olaus Petri, the Church and state were separated and the authority of Roman Catholic bishops abolished, allowing Lutheranism to prevail. This process was completed by the Uppsala Synod of 1593. During the era following the Reformation, usually known as the period of Lutheran Orthodoxy, small groups of non-Lutherans, especially Calvinist Dutchmen, the Moravian Church and Walloons or French Huguenots from Belgium, played a significant role in trade and industry, and were quietly tolerated as long as they kept a low religious profile. The Sami originally had their own shamanistic religion, but they were converted to Lutheranism by Swedish missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries.


Lund CathedralChurch of Sweden[108]

year population church members percentage

1972 8.146.000 7.754.784 95,2 %
1980 8.278.000 7.690.636 92,9 %
1990 8.573.000 7.630.350 89,0 %
2000 8.880.000 7.360.825 82,9 %
2005 9.048.000 6.967.498 77,0 %
2006 9.119.000 6.893.901 75,6 %
2007 9.179.000 6.820.161 74,3 %
2008 9.262.000 6.751.952 72,9 %

Not until liberalization in the late 18th century, however, were believers of other faiths, including Judaism and Roman Catholicism, allowed to openly live and work in Sweden, and it remained illegal until 1860 for Lutheran Swedes to convert to another religion. The 19th century saw the arrival of various evangelical free churches, and, towards the end of the century secularism, leading many to distance themselves from Church rituals. Leaving the Church of Sweden became legal with the so-called dissenter law of 1860, but only under the provision of entering another denomination. The right to stand outside any religious denomination was established in the Law on Freedom of Religion in 1951.

At the end of 2008, 72,9% of Swedes belonged to the Church of Sweden (Lutheran), this number has been decreasing by about 1% on a yearly basis for the last two decades. Church of Sweden services are sparsely attended (hovering in the single digit percentages of the population).[109] Between 46–85% of the population can be classified as atheist or agnostic. The reason for the large number of inactive members is partly that until 1996, children became members automatically at birth if at least one of the parents was a member. Since 1996, all children that are christened become members. Some 275,000 Swedes are today members of various free churches (where congregation attendance is much higher), and, in addition, immigration has meant that there are now some 92,000 Roman Catholics and 100,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians living in Sweden.[110] Because of immigration, Sweden also has a significant Muslim population. Almost half a million are Muslims by tradition, but approximately 5% (25,000) of these actively practise Islam (in the sense of attending Friday prayer and praying five times a day).[111] (See Islam in Sweden.)


Health
See also: Healthcare in Sweden