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Apology Resolution
Due to efforts by the various Hawaiian sovereignty movements and other Native-Hawaiian activist groups, the United States government issued an apology.
The U.S. government apologizes:
* On November 15, 1993, President of the United States Bill Clinton signed an Apology Resolution apologizing on behalf of the American people for the U.S. Government's role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
The Apology Resolution is a U.S. Public Law adopted in 1993 in which the U.S. Government apologized for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893. The resolution has served as a major impetus for the Hawaiian sovereignty movement, and has been the subject of intense historical and contemporary debate.[1][2][3][4][5]
The text of the law states that the U.S. Congress "acknowledges that the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and further acknowledges that the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaii or through a plebiscite or referendum" (U.S. Public Law 103-150 (107 Stat. 1510)).
The Apology Resolution formally designated as United States Public Law 103-150, was adopted by both houses of the United States Congress on November 23, 1993. A joint resolution, it was signed by President of the United States Bill Clinton on the same day.
The resolution was passed in the Senate by a vote of 65-34. Senator Sam Nunn did not vote. In the House, it was passed by a two-thirds voice vote. It was sponsored on January 21, 1993, as S.J.Res.19 by Daniel Akaka and co-sponsored by Daniel Inouye, both senators from Hawaii.
References
1. ^ PDF file (592 KB): Hawaii Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand, Bruce Fein
2. ^ The Opposite Of Progress, Slade Gorton and Hank Brown
3. ^ No Freedom to Celebrate Statehood, Andrew Walden, FrontPageMagazine.com 8/29/2006
4. ^ alohaquest.com, pro-sovereignty website
5. ^ "The Rape of Paradise: The Second Century Hawai'ians Grope Toward Sovereignty As The U.S. President Apologizes", Perceptions Magazine, March/April 1996, p. 18-25
[ 本帖最後由 goodoctor2 於 2008-8-18 22:52 編輯 ] |
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