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18 THE 7 HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE
BY STEPHEN R .COVEEY
The first habit is 1)proactivity. Be proactive. The word proactivity is fairly common in management literature, but you won't find it in the dictionary. It means more than merely taking 2)initiatives, it means that as a human being you take responsibility for your own life.
Look at the word responsibility, ability to choose your response, response-ability. I suggest effective people are proactive, thatis they take responsibility, their behavior is a product of their own decisions, based on values, rather than being a product of their conditions, based on feelings. For instance, you are planning a picnic with your family. You're excited. You have all the preparations. You've decided where to go, and then it becomes stormy...killing your plan. Proactive people carry weather within them. They realize what their purpose really was, and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if it's in their own basement with some special games, and make the best of that situation. The opposite of being proactive is to be reactive. Reactive people would say, "What's the use, we can't do anything," "Oh this is so upsetting after all of our preparations we've made these arrangements." And the whole spirit of 3)negativism will tend to pervade those people's minds and also the family. That's being reactive.
Being proactive is really just being true to your human nature. Your basic nature is to act, and not be acted upon. That's true, despite widely accepted theories of 4)determinism used to explain human nature. Determinism says, that you don't really choose anything, that whatyou call choices, are nothing more than automatic responses to outside conditions or stimuli.
The language of reactive people, are people who are determined by their environment, or by their conditions, or by their conditioning or their genetic makeup. "This I can't, that's my nature." "...can't, don't have time." "I have to, I have to." "I must." See the whole spirit is of that language is the transfer of responsibility, I am not responsible, able to choose my response, the spirit is, I am not responsible, psychologically isn't that easier to say than "I'm a flake,"and "I'm irresponsible." The problem is, this is a self-fulfilling 5)prophecy. People who believe they are determined will produce the evidence to support the belief, and they increasingly feel victimized and out of control. They're not in charge of their life or their destiny at all.
When you are proactive, you don't deny that genetics, upbringing and environment make a difference. But you see them as influences only. A proactive person exercises free will, the freedom to choose the response that best applies to your values. In that way you gain control of your circumstances, rather than being controlled by them.
積極人生從7個習慣開始
史蒂芬.r.科維（著）
第一個習慣是「積極」。積極向上。「 積極」這個詞在管理文獻中十分常見，但在字典里卻找不到。它的意思不僅是指主動性，還指作為一個人，你必須為自己的生活負責。
觀看「責任」（respon-sibility）這個詞，它的字面意義是「反應選擇能力」，是一種選擇能力。我之所以說有效率的人都積極向上，那是因為他們都肯擔負起責任，他們的行為遵從他們自己的決定，建立在價值觀上，而不是客觀環境和情緒的產物。例如，你計劃和家人去野餐，你很興奮，做了充分的準備。你決定好了地點，然後卻下起了暴雨……你的計劃泡湯了。積極的人不會受天氣左右--他們明白真正的目的是什麼，他們會創造性地在其他的地點進行野餐，哪怕是在自家的地下室里讓大家玩一些有趣的遊戲，他們會充分利用好當時的環境條件。與積極向上相對立的即是消極。消極的人會說：「哦，有什麼用，我們什麼也做不了」，「哦，這太令人難過了，我們所有的準備、所有的安排都泡湯了。」這些消極情緒將滲透這些人及其家人的思想。這就是消極的後果。
積極的確是一種人類天性的反映。你的本性是行動，而不是受影響。真實便是如此，而非為大家所接受的那樣，用決定論來詮釋性格。決定論認為，其實你並沒做出任何選擇，我們所謂的選擇，其實只是外界條件或刺激的本能反應而已。
消極人士說的是受到環境、條件、和先天因素所左右的人的語言--「我不行，我就是這樣了」、「……不行，我沒有時間」、「我沒辦法、我沒辦法」、「我得」。這種語言整個地體現出一種不負責任的態度--我不為此負責，我沒法選擇自己的反應，關鍵在於：我是不負責任的。要親口說出「我不行」、「我不負責」並不是件容易事。毛病就出在這是種自髮式的預言。相信決定論的人會找出證據來支持這樣的信念，他們逐漸相信自己是受害的，是失控的。他們根本無法把握自己的生活和命運。
如果你有積極的精神，你不會否認生理遺傳、成長過程和生活環境造成的影響。但同時你僅僅把它們當作是影響。一個積極向上的人會自願、自由地通過做最佳選擇來實現自我價值。這樣你才能逾越環境的束縛，而不是被環境所限制。
1) pro 前綴，表示「在空間或時間上優先」，尤包含「向前進，向前或向外突出」的意思，或用以表示更替的意思
2) initiative n. 初步，採取主動
3) negativism n. 否定論，消極論；[心理]（對外來的命令、建議、期望或內在的刺激如飢餓的）反抗癖，反對傾向
4) determinism n. 決定論（所有事實和發生的事情都是自然法則的實例的理論）；宿命論
5) prophecy n. 預言；受神的啟示所發表的言論或啟示 |
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