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遣詞造句100詞--自由表達你的思想![上]
"Get Brainwashed" with 100 Words-- Let your mind soar and spirit be free in the world of English!
Author: coolmax (chinadaily community)
[Disclaimer: I'm by no means responsible for any losses if any arising from my contribution in this thread. All responsibility or liability for any losses or damages caused by this thread is disclaimed.]
專為閱讀能力不錯,但卻無法自由表達自己思想的朋友所寫。如果有人喜歡我會堅持寫下去。由於水平有限,謬誤之處在所難免,還請各位批評指導。歡迎各位補充。
有很多朋友閱讀能力很不錯,但是一到說或寫,就「卡殼」了。我以前就有過這樣一個階段,非常痛苦,但是後來通過觀察、分析與總結,終於闖過了這一關。今天寫點東西,希望能為迷路的一些朋友做點小事。
Some friends often complain that they are not bad in reading comprehension, but relatively weak in spoken English and Writing and often get stuck. This series of tutorials are targeting these learners, and for the information of those who do not need to learn but are interested in this thread. Any comments including criticism and new ideas are welcome and would be highly appreciated.
其實解決這個問題,主要靠三個方面。根本做法是多觀察,learn before we talk。也就是說先觀察別人怎麼說的,然後我們再加以模仿、改造與發揮。
這三個方面是:
一、改變思維習慣(way of thinking)。 閱讀時,見到一些表達方式,多問問自己,這句話讓我說,我會用這種思路嗎?如果答案是no,那就恭喜你了,趕快把這句話抄下來,以後多做點文章。
二、注意選詞(choice of words) 實踐證明,學好、活用100個詞,再加上以前的一點基礎(比如有cet-4以上水平),就可以自由表達自己思想,並可盡量拋棄原來的中式英語思維。
三、句型(sentence patterns) 漢語與英語這兩門語言沒多大的相似之處,由於思維習慣的不同,導致一些表達方式也不同,具體表現在一些典型的句型上。如我們學校有3萬名學生,到了英語可能就是There be句型了。反之亦然。
好,我們就從那100詞開始,這些詞,都是一隻只幫助我們飛翔的翅膀。
Ok, volunteers, let's get "brainwashed" with the help of these 100 words--Let our mind soar and spirit be free in the world of English!
註:這裡我評價一個說法是不是更好,一般評價標準有:
1、是不是忠實。 這個忠實不是指「形式」,不是一個蘿蔔一個坑,而是指含義,褒貶也要相同。
2、是不是精練。 能用1個字說清楚的,盡量不用2個字。當然也不是絕對的,也不能回到文言文那種時代。
3、是不是地道。 盡量使用English natvie speaker的說法,而不使用我們自己編造出來的說法。
當然為了這個目標,我一直在努力。
第一詞:Try
我們先看幾個來自生活中的句子,都是常見句子(註:所謂 Chinglish 只是相對,並非絕對):
1、這蛋糕真好吃,你嘗點。
Chinglish: This cake is so delicious, please eat a little.
Revision: The cake is so delicious. Please try some. (Oh! The cake is so yummy that I want them all.)
2、這樣不行,你再看看。
Chinglish: It won't do. Please see it again.
Revision: It won't do. Please try again.
3、我做過一兩次,都失敗了。
Chinglish: I did one or two times, but I failed.
Revision: I tried a couple of times, but I failed.
4、請您放心,我一定有多少力,出多少力。
Chinglish: Please put down your heart. I'll give all my strength out.
Revsion: Don't worry, I'll try my best.
5、這件裙子真漂亮,你穿上看看?
This skirt looks so beautiful. Would you please try it?
凡是帶有「嘗試」、做事沒底但是還是做了等,可以選用try一詞,簡單又實用。當然,try還有審判的意思。
So, Please try this word more often.
在google.com中對try的原形進行搜索,「約有158,000,000項符合try的查詢結果」,也就是近1.6億個結果。可見try是多麼受歡迎。那麼我們用過多少次?
總評(五星制):
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★
第二詞 Enjoy
這一動詞我印象比較深刻,它的用法比較簡單,凡是帶有「享受到」的意思就可以用。反義詞是suffer (from)。
經典用法是享有。。。。聲譽。在公司、單位英文介紹里可以說簡直是不可或缺的一個詞。
如: In Africa, Botswana is one of the few countries which enjoys
a good reputation for corruption control and the DCEC has attracted favourable attention from analysts, donors and Botswana's regional neighbours.
順便再說一句,好的用enjoy,不好的可用suffer。一想到災難、甚至阿富汗、伊拉克什麼的就應該想到suffer這個詞。這個詞就不單獨列出來了。
再如: UN conference to study why women in war-torn States suffer
justice deficit.
對了,忘了一個經典句,Enjoy your stay in China!
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★
第三詞 Available
這個詞有點怪,是形容詞,但是一般放到所修飾的詞後面。凡句子中含有是「有。。。可以用到」的時候都可以考慮這個詞。這個詞關係到我們思維方式,而不是這個詞用法有多複雜。反義詞是unavailable.現在都講究資源了.
1、對不起,沒座了。
Chinglish: Sorry, we have no seats now.
Revision: Sorry, no seats available.
2、網站暫時無法訪問。
Chinglish: This website can't be visited temporarily.
Revision: Website Temporarily Unavailable.
有時候儘管不是非用available/unavailable不可,但是多用一些,看起來正宗。在google.com中搜索結果:是約有441,000,000項符合available的查詢結果,即4億多條,但是我們用過幾次。他們愛用的我們老不用,難怪正宗度老是大打折扣。要學習例句,google.com里多得是。幾億條了可不是。
使用頻率:★★★★★
造句功能:★★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第四詞 Surprise
有人可能會說,這個詞有什麼了不起?選中這個詞,完全就看重這個詞包含的一種文化。西方人注重生活情調,特別看重帶給朋友或家人的「驚喜」。
1、我男朋友來看我了。真是個驚喜!
My boyfriend has come to see me. It's really a big surprise! (what a surprise!)
2、對於這名老教師來說,真是驚喜連連啊。
To this veteran teacher, it's one surprise after another.
這個詞不難用。作為國人,要提高自己的生活趣味,就多點surprise吧!
在google.com中,約有25,100,000項符合surprise的查詢結果。
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第五詞 Skills
作「技能、水平」講。以前一想到「水平」一詞,就會想到level一詞,但是老外可不是這麼想的。skills一詞,更近。
1、怎樣才能提高我們的英語水平?
Chinglish:How to improve our English level? (他們一般不這麼說,但是應該可以看懂)
Revision :How to improve our English skills?
2、他寫作、翻譯水平很高。
Chinglish:His writing and translating level are very high.
Revision:He has very good writing and translation skills.
現在追求技術的時代,skills也走俏。什麼English skills, communications skills, computer skills, study skills, survival skills, writing skills...都泛濫了,我們也"決口"一次如何?
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第六詞 Offer
這個詞比較微妙。英譯中時不太好處理,正因如此,這個詞才值得我們重視。
1、謝謝你的好意,不過我可以走回去。
Chinglish: Thank you for your goodwill, but I can go home on foot.
Revision: Thanks for your offer, but I can walk home.
2、全國人民紛紛向災區伸出了援助之手。
version 1: People from all over the country all giving their hands to the disaster area.
Alt Version: People from all over the country are offering helping hands to the disaster area.
3、他給了一件工作給我。
version 1: He gave me a job to do.
Better version: He offered me a job.
Offer可以做動詞用,也可以做名詞用。還有一些固定搭配,其中Job offer非常紅。
凡是帶有「給予」、「善意提供的(幫忙)」等意思,就可以考慮offer這個詞。我們可以把give一些空間讓點給offer。
這個機會可是我最後給你的。答應不答應隨你的便。This is my last offer to you. Take it or leave it.
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第七詞 Difference
意思是差別。對於difference只需要掌握一到兩個短語,我們口語水平就會前進一大步,讓你的同學對你刮目相看,那就是make a difference(有很大不同)或make no differences(沒什麼不同)。
1、你說的什麼移動、聯通, 我看還不一路貨色。
You're talking about Telecom and Unicom. The way I see it, they make no differences at all.
2、這種化妝品你用用看,效果絕對不一樣。
Chinglish: Please use this kind of cosmetics, the effect is absolutely different.
Revision: Please try this sort of cosmetics, i bet it'll make a big difference.
(不好意思,我就是喜歡try這個詞)
3、上帝啊,再給我一次機會,我不會再這樣了。
Chinglish: God, please give me a chance again, I won't do this again.
Revision: God, please grant me another chance, and I'll make a difference.
凡是一樣不一樣,都可以考慮這2個短語,你用好了,絕對可以make a difference。
另外說一下,受教科書的影響,說不同的時候中國學生習慣be different from這一句型。但是很多時候differ from這個動詞形式更簡單,try it, and you'll make a difference,讓你的老師、同學對你刮目相看。
西方人崇尚個人奮鬥,追求與他人不一樣。這個詞,對於他們來說,太神聖了。在google.com中,make a difference這一短語搜索結果近600萬,我們用過幾次了。所以以後有條件,我們就要make a difference,沒有條件時,創建條件也要make a difference。
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第八詞 Point
pointless(沒意義)一詞也算它一夥的。 提到這個詞,完全是meaning 一詞在作怪。
1、你這樣做是什麼意思?
Chinglish: What is your meaning in doing this?
Revision: What's your point?
2、如果你抽煙的話,就別怕得癌症。再問「上帝怎麼這樣對我啊」沒什麼意義。
Chinglish: If you smoke, you should not be to get lung cancer. It's meaningless to ask "why did God do this to me?". (註:meaningless 可用,但是老外不愛用,愛用的是我們)
Revision: If you smoke, you should be prepared to get lung cancer; it's pointless to
ask "why did God do this to me?".
要洗腦子,轉變中式思維習慣,就別怕「矯枉過正」。以後凡是遇到「有意義」、「沒意義」的時候,先考慮point/poinless,而不要先考慮meaning什麼的。
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★
第九詞 Access
意思很多,英漢不好一一對應,先看一些例句。
1、我這裡上不了網。
Chinglish: I can't go on internet here. (老外還以為是你有事、或這裡不適合而不能上網)
Revision: I can't access the web/the internet here. (說明想上但是上不了)
2、天!今天我郵箱打不開了!
Chinglish: My god! I can't open my mail box today! (我看也可以這麼說,但是這樣說不如下面的好)
Revision: My god! I can't access my mail box today!
3、那間房子我無權進入。
Chinglish: I'm not allowed to come into this room.
Revision: I don't have access to that room.
這個詞網路味比較濃,既然我們天天上網來混,應該多了解一下。
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★
第十詞 Sense
這個詞主要由於幾個相關短語而流行的。
這幾個短語分別是: a sense of (responsibility, humor...)---有幽默感等, make sense/not make any sense,有意義,沒意義(所以我說別老用meaningless,不是人家聽不懂,那很中式的)。
1、我很喜歡他。他很有幽默感。
Chinglish: I very like him. He is very humorous.
Revision: I like him very much. He has a good sense of humor.
2、我知道,不過有的地方沒什麼意義。
Chinglish: I know, but it's meaningless in some places.
Revision: I know, but again at some point it doesn't make any sense.
3、什麼?至少六周?這樣做有什麼意義呢?
What? at least 6 weeks? Does it make any sense?(或what's your point?)
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第十一詞: Afford
意思是買的起,付得起、花得起時間、金錢、精力等。
但是Afford只能表示能力,不表示意願。例如我們可以說I'm willing to pay, but I really can't afford it,而不能說I'm willing to afford it。
用好這個詞,我們的水平就會提高一個檔次,讓你的同學打心底里佩服。
1、這頂帽子貴得也太離譜了,我買不起。
Chinglish: This hat is extremely expensive, I can't buy it.
Revision: This hat is so expensive that I can't afford it.
2、這個村子里好多兒童都上不起學。
Chinglish: Lots of kids can't go to school because they're poor. (意思表達出來了但是不精練)
Revision: Plenty of kids in this village can't afford to go to school (can't afford education).
3、抱歉,我跟你玩不起。
Chinglish: Sorry, I can't play with you.
Revision: I can't afford to play 'games' with you, sorry.
這100詞到底要寫多長時間,我也不知道。現在工作太忙了所以我還得慢慢寫,I can't afford to lose my job, because I'm the bread-winner and I have a big family to support.
使用頻率:★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第十二詞 Deserve
這個詞字面意思是「值得」、「該受到」,可褒可貶。用到的場合其實挺多的。幾個例句就可以解決問題。
1、你是老鼠戲貓,真是自作自受!
Chinglish: You're like a rat teasing a cat... (下面不會了)
Revision: I think you're playing with fire. You deserve it!
2、那個好心女孩終於嫁給了她的心上人。她是有好報。
Chinglish: That good-hearted girl was married to the man in her heart at last. She was good so she had a good end.
Revision: That good-hearted girl married her 'prince' finally. She deserved it.
3、你竟敢這樣對我?找打啊?
Chinglish: How dare you do this to me? Do you want me to beat you?
Revision: How dare you do this to me? You deserve a kick in the ass!
4、你很有能力,你應該找到更好的工作才是!
You're very able. You deserve a better job.
這個詞比較微妙,個人喜歡這個詞,不多說了。
If you think that I deserve some applauses or flowers, why not let me know about it
使用頻率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第十三詞 Frustrated
表示心情沮喪、灰心喪氣時,老外偏愛frustrated這一詞。我們喜歡是sad, lose one's heart等表達法。
沒說過frustrated一詞三次以上的,那麼英語還不算入門(別罵我啊,我只可是考慮再三才說滴,沒說過的話,現在說也來得及)。
用法特別簡單。當你覺得灰心喪氣時,forget about "sad", use this word instead.
1、沒有一個女孩子給我寫過信,我真是沮喪極了。
I'm so frustrated that no girls wrote to me.
2、公司業績總是不好,總經理真是心灰意懶。
Chinglish: The total manager is very sad because the achievement is not good.
Revision: The general manager is so frustrated for the poor performance of his company.
If, if lots of people come and shout to me:"Coolmax, your English is so poor and limited!" I'll be extremely frustrated 
再說一遍,以後要常說 frustrated 哦!說多了,你就有老外的感覺了。
使用頻率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思維:★★★★★
第十四詞 Indifferent
這一詞表示冷漠、無動於衷的意思。很容易用,用起來就讓人覺得地道。既然這麼好用,我們就該多用,用過了也沒事。
其名詞形式是indifference。
1、為什麼對這次海嘯受害者有些人卻無動於衷?
Why some people are so indifferent to the victims of this tsunami?
2、他對別人對他的侮辱與嘲笑不屑一顧。
He was indifferent to insults and scorns thrown at him.
When I was very young, I liked a girl named "Xiaofang" very much, and I tryied all the means available to please her, but still she was indifferent to me. I was utterly frustrated and gave up at last.
Oh, forgot to say that I made up the story 
使用頻率:★
造句功能:★
西方思維:★★★★★
[to be continued] |
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