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《聖經》的。。。。。。
14.Bone of The Bone and Flesh of the Flesh
Bone of The Bone and Flesh of the Flesh直譯"骨中之骨,肉中之肉",出自中關於上帝造人的神話.[/COLOR]
據第2章敘述:太初之際,混沌未開,耶和華上帝開天闢地.第一天耶和華創造了白天和夜晚;第二天創造了天空和風雲;第三天創造了高山峻岭.平原河流,以及富饒的土地和芳香的花果;第四天他又創造了太陽.月亮和星辰,確定年歲.季節.月份和日期;第五天他創造了各種形狀和大小的魚類和飛禽;第六天他才創造了各種陸上動物,然後他按照自己的形象用地上的塵土造出一個男人,名叫亞當(Adam),這就是神話中人類的始祖.後來,耶和華見押當獨居無伴侶幫助他,於是,趁亞當沉睡的時候,從他身上取下一根肋骨造成了一個女人叫夏娃(Eve),領到他面前,亞當說:"This is bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh"(這是我骨中之骨,肉中之肉)。從此兩人結為夫妻
Bone of The Bone and Flesh of the Flesh常用來比喻血緣上的親屬關係或思想上的團結一致,即as close as flesh and blood;to be inseperately linked to each other等的意思。
eg:Our army is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the people.
The I.W.W was bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the floating workers.(W.Foster ages from a Worker's Life.)
15.Adam's Apple喉結
亞當是聖經中人類的始祖,而蘋果的歷史比人類的歷史還悠久。在世界各文明古國的民間故事和神話傳說中,蘋果都是受人喜愛的一種果實。英語中有個諺語:An apple a day keeps the doctor away.但據聖經故事上說,蘋果也給人類帶來了麻煩,男人的喉結就是因吃蘋果引起的。[/COLOR]
《舊約.創世紀》第3章講到人類的起源,傳說上帝創造人類的始祖亞當和夏娃,在東方的伊甸(Eden)建立了一個園子給他們居住。伊甸園裡生長著悅人眼目的各種樹木,樹上長著各種各樣的果實。上帝吩咐亞當說:你可以隨意吃園中的各種果子,只是不能吃那棵分別善惡樹上的果實,吃了必定要死。這種「禁果」就是apple。後來,亞當的配偶夏娃聽信蛇的誘惑,不顧神諭,吃了善惡樹上的禁果,還把這果子給它丈夫吃。亞當因心懷恐懼,吃時倉促,有一片果肉哽在吼中,不上不下,留下個結塊,就叫「亞當的蘋果」兩人吃了這果子就心明眼亮,能知善惡美醜。但是由於他們違背了上帝的告戒而被逐出伊甸園。從此,亞當就永遠在脖子前端留下「喉結」,作為偷吃禁果的「罪證」。上帝還懲罰亞當,「必汗流滿面才能糊口」
不過也說一說是正當亞當吃的時候,上帝來了,所以亞當急忙吞下去,不料哽在喉嚨間了。
eg:Your Adam's apple isn't apparent.
Adam's apple can be more clearly seen on men than women's throats.
16.Sell One's Birthright for a Mess of Pottages因小失大;見利棄義
Sell One's Birthright for a Mess of Pottages直譯是:「為了一碗紅豆湯而出賣了長子繼承權」。 [/COLOR]
《舊約.創世紀》第25章記述了這樣一個故事傳說:猶太族長以撒的妻子利百加懷孕期間,感覺到2個胎兒在她腹內互相踢打,就去問耶和華,耶和華對她說:「兩國在你腹內,兩族要從你身上出來,這族必強於那族,將來大的要服小的。」
後來,利百加果然生下一對孿生兄弟,哥哥叫以掃,弟弟叫雅各。兩兄弟長大后,以掃好動,常外出打獵;雅各則常在家裡幫助料理家務。有一天,以掃打獵回來,又飢又渴,看見弟弟雅各在熬豆湯,就對他說:「我餓極了,給我喝點紅豆湯吧!」雅各說:「你要喝湯,就把你的長子權賣給我。」以掃說:「你都要餓死了,要這長子權有什麼用呢?」於是,他便按雅各的要求,對天起誓,把長子權賣給雅各,換來餅和紅豆湯。以掃吃飽喝足后,起身走了。他哪裡想到,為了這碗紅豆湯,他的後裔便註定要服事雅各的後裔。
由此,人們用to sell one's birthright for a mess of pottage短語,來比喻to exchange something of lasting value for something that is of value for a short time only;to suffer a big loss for a little gain.這個成語常縮略為for a mess of pottage的形式。有時也可用to sell one's birthrights.
eg:It was argued that joining the Common Market...would be giving away her national rights and advantages for a mess of pottage.
There are many,many people who are willing to prostitute their intelligence for a mess of pottage.
17.The Apple of Ones' Eye
The Apple of Ones' Eye的字面意思是「某人眼裡的蘋果」,在這裡,apple指的是the pupil(瞳孔,眼珠),大概因眼珠圓的象蘋果之故。瞳孔是眼睛最重要的部分,失去瞳孔,光線就無法通過虹膜中心的圓孔進入眼內而變成了瞎子。所以,這個成語常用來比喻象愛護眼珠一樣愛護某個最心愛的人或珍貴的東西,即表示a cherished person or object;sth extrmely precious to one; sb dearly loved等意[/COLOR]
這個成語來字《舊約。申命記》(Deuteronomy)第32章「耶和華遇見他在曠野荒涼、野獸吼叫之地,就環繞他,看顧他,保護他如同保護眼裡的瞳人。」在聖經其他地方也有類似的話。英文版《舊約。詩篇》(Psalm)第17章有這樣的句子:"Keep me as the apple of the eye,hide me under the shadow of the wings"
成語the apple of one's eye是固定結構,不得寫成the apple of the eye of…的形式;在搭配上,它常與動詞be,keep,care for等連用。按其想象意義,它與漢語成語「掌上明珠」頗相似,但其比喻的對象較漢語「掌珠」更廣,因「掌珠」通常指心愛的女兒,而不能用與其他場合。
eg ittle Mary is the apple of her father's eye
Mind the reputation of your school as you care for the apple of your eye.
18.The writing/Finger on the Wall不詳之兆;大禍臨頭
這個成語的字面意思是「牆上的文字(或手指)」,而實際含義是a sign or warning of impending disaster(迫在眉睫的凶兆);a sign that sth bad will happen; a feeling that ones number is up;等等。其語言外殼與內涵是怎樣聯繫起來的呢?還是出自《聖經》[/COLOR]
據《舊約。但以理書》(Daniel)第5章記述:有一次古巴比倫(Babylonian)的國王伯沙撒(Belshazar)正在宮殿里設宴縱飲時,突然,不知從哪裡出現了一個神秘的手指,當者國王的面,在王宮與燈台相對的粉牆上寫西了四個奇怪的單詞:MENE(彌尼)、MENE(彌尼)、TEKEL(提客勒)、UPHARSING (烏法珥新)。國王張皇失措,驚恐萬分,誰也不懂牆上所寫的字是什麼意思。後來叫來了被虜的猶太預言家但以理,才明白了這幾個字的意思就是大難臨頭。他說:「彌尼就是上帝已經數算你國的年日到此為完畢;提客勒就是你被稱在天平里顯出你的虧欠;烏法珥新就是你的國分裂,歸與瑪代人和波斯人。」果然,當夜伯沙撒被殺,又62歲的瑪代人大利烏取而代之。
依次,「牆上的文字(或手指)」就表示身死國亡的凶兆。英語中這個成語有幾種表達方式:the writing/handwriting on the wall或a finger on the wall,通常與be,like等系動詞連用;有時寫成see/read the writing on he wall的句型,表示提出警告,such as on't you see the writing on the wall, 有時候也可省略on the wall,只說Don't you see the writing?意思也是一樣的。
eg:This inexplicable incident seemed,like the Babylonian finger on the wall,to be spelling out the letter of my judgement...
In this house of his there was writing on every wall.His business-like temperament protested against a mysterious warning that she was not made for him.
John's emplyer had less and less work for him;John could read the writing on the wall.
The writing on the wall is clear:if man behaves like an animal and allow hs population to increase while each nation steadily increases he coplexity and range of its environment,nature will take her course and the law of the Jungle will prevail.
When Bill's team lost four games in a row,he saw the handwriting on the wall.
19.Not an iota of沒有一點點,絲毫也不
iota是希臘字母表中第9個字母「I」的名稱。not an iota of 出自《新約。馬太福音》第5章:「律法的一點一畫都不能廢去,都要成全。」因為iota是希臘字母表中最小的一個字母,它有時可以寫作一短橫置於其他字母之上;遺漏這一點點對發音並無什麼影響,只按規則不能減少而已。《福音書》所說的律法,系指「摩西律」,意即無論何人都不允許隨便廢去這戒律哪怕是最小的一條,甚至其中的一個字母,一個小小短橫也不得更動或遺漏。[/COLOR]
由此,在語言中遺留下來這個成語,轉義表示not a bit of ;not one jot or little;not at all等意思。iota在這裡,相當於漢語「小不點兒」的意思。
Eg:Science deals with things in a practical way.Science means honest,solid knowledge,allowing not an iota of falsehood,and it involves herculean efforts and gruelling toil.
There is not an iota of truth in the story.
20.The Salt of the Earth社會中堅;民族精華;優秀份子
The Salt of the Earth這個成語,字面意思「世上的鹽」[/COLOR]
鹽是飲食中不可缺少的調味品,人體若缺鹽,健康就會受到影響,出現種種疾病。鹽還有殺菌、解毒、消炎、除污等多種功用,它既是「百葯之王」,又是工業之母,確是值得珍視的東西。在許多民族的習俗匯總,鹽被當作敬客的高貴禮品。
The Salt of the Earth一詞出自《聖經》,據《新約。馬太福音》(Matthew)第5長記載:耶穌對他的門徒說:"Ye are the salt of the earth:but if the salt have lost his savor,wherewith shall it be salted? " 在這裡,salt用於轉義,表示flavor;of the earth即of the world。這是耶穌登山垂訓論"福",所講福音結尾的話,他把門徒比做「世上的鹽」,這是極高的稱讚。這句話在後世不斷引用變成了一個典故性成語,轉義為the most valuable members of sociey;the finest type of humanity;a person or a group of people having the best character 之意
eg: He does a lot of good jobs and is considered to be the salt of the world.
You all are the salt of the earth.Our hope is placed on you。
21.Cast pearls before swine對牛彈琴;白費好意
To Cast pearls before swine的意思是「珍珠扔在豬玀前面」。 swine是箇舊詞,書面詞,即今為pigs,不過swine單復同行,本句為複數。[/COLOR]
這個成語源自《新約。馬太福音》第7章:「Give not that which is holy unto the dogs,neither cast ye your pearls before swine,lest they trample them under their feet,and turn again and rend you」.由於to cast pearls efore swine,比喻確切,在後世不斷引用中而成為一個國際性成語,常用來表示to offer sth valuable or beautiful to those who can't appreciate it;to give what is precious to those who are unable to understand its value等意思,含有輕蔑嘲笑色彩。按其字面意義,這個成語與漢語成語「明珠按投」相似,但是寓意不同,基本上不對應;按一比喻意義,它相當於「對牛彈琴」,「向驢說經」「一番好意給狗吃」「狗咬呂洞賓,不識好人心」等。
She read them Shakespeare,but it was casting pearls before swine
I won't waste good advice on John any more because he never listens to it.I won't cast pearls before swine.
...and when I let the upper floor to Cap'en Cuttle,oh i do a thankless thing,and cast pearls before swine。
22.a wolf in sheep's clothing批著羊皮的狼;貌善心惡的人
耶穌在加利利一帶傳道布教,收了很多信徒。有一天,他對門徒說:"Beware of false prophets,which come to you in sheep's clothing,but inwardly they are ravening wolves"[/COLOR]
eg:Mrs.Martin trusted the lawyer until she realized that he was a wolf in sheep's clothing
One who teaches morality and practises immorality is a wolf in lamb's skine
23.separate the sheep from the goats區別好壞,分清良莠
《新約。馬太福音》記述:「And before him shall be gathered all nations:and he shall separate them one from another,as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats」[/COLOR]
由於《聖經》的影響,sheep和goat在英語中的形象截然不同,前者比喻好人,後者比喻壞人。英語中有關goat的成語,大多貶義。如:to play the goat=play the fool(瞎胡鬧);to get sb's goat(觸動肝火) ;等等。《聖經》說牧羊人要分辨綿羊和山羊,「把綿羊安置右邊,山羊左邊」。據說野山羊常混進羊群里,引誘綿羊,故牧養人必須把它們區分開來,以免混淆。
由此,人們用to separate the sheep from the goats這個成語,來比喻to separate the good from the wicked; to divide good or useful people from bad or useless
eg:We'll go through the list of members,and separate the sheep from the goats
Have faith in me,please.I can separate the sheep from the goats。 |
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