講基督教 二十八

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy
東正教教堂（也稱為「舊東方」教堂）是那些承認前三個基督教會議的東方教會 - 尼西亞，君士坦丁堡和以弗所 - 但拒絕了對Chalcedon委員會的教條定義，而是支持Miaphysite的基督教。東方教會東正教共融包括六個群體：敘利亞東正教，科普特東正教，衣索比亞東正教，厄利垂亞東正教，馬蘭卡拉東正教敘利亞教會（印度）和亞美尼亞使徒教會。

The Oriental Orthodox churches (also called "Old Oriental" churches) are those eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councils—Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus—but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite christology.The Oriental Orthodox communion consists of six groups: Syriac Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Ethiopian Orthodox, Eritrean Orthodox, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (India) and Armenian Apostolic churches.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East
東方的亞述教會，在17世紀建立了一個完整的宗法，是一個獨立的東方基督教教派，聲稱東方教會的連續性 - 與16世紀建立的天主教宗主教一樣，演變為迦勒底天主教會，一個與教皇完全交流的東方天主教堂。
The Assyrian Church of the East, with an unbroken patriarchate established in the 17th century, is an independent Eastern Christiandenomination which claims continuity from the Church of the East – in parallel to the Catholic patriarchate established in the 16th century that evolved into the Chaldean Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the Pope.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy

在16世紀，馬丁·路德（Martin Luther）以及後來的胡爾德里希·茨溫利（Huldrych Zwingli）和約翰·加爾文（John Calvin）開創了新教徒。
In the 16th century, Martin Luther, and subsequently Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin, inaugurated what has come to be called Protestantism.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_culture
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_culture
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Christian
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_influences_in_Islam

西方文化在其大部分歷史中幾乎等同於基督教文化，西半球的很大一部分人口可以被描述為文化基督徒。 「歐洲」和「西方世界」的概念與「基督教和基督教世界」的概念密切相關，許多人甚至將基督教視為創造統一歐洲身份的紐帶。
Western culture, throughout most of its history, has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture, and a large portion of the population of the Western hemisphere can be described as cultural Christians. The notion of "Europe" and the "Western World" has been intimately connected with the concept of "Christianity and Christendom" many even attribute Christianity for being the link that created a unified European identity.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_philosophy
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_art
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_music
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_music

它在學校，大學和醫院以及許多天主教神職人員的基礎上是多產的;特別是耶穌會士在歷史上一直活躍於科學，並為科學的發展做出了重大貢獻。基督教的文明影響包括社會福利，創立醫院，經濟學（作為新教的職業道德），政治，建築，文學，個人衛生和家庭生活。克里斯蒂安人在廣泛和多樣化的領域為人類進步作出了無數的貢獻，包括哲學，科學和技術，美術和建築，政治，文學，音樂，和業務。

It has been prolific in the foundation of schools, universities and hospitals, and many Catholic clergy; Jesuits in particular, have been active in the sciences throughout history and have made significant contributions to the development of science.The Civilizing influence of Christianity includes social welfare,founding hospitals,economics (as the Protestant work ethic),politics,architecture,literature,personal hygiene,and family life.Christians have made a myriad of contributions to human progress in a broad and diverse range of fields,including philosophy,science and technology,fine arts and architecture,politics, literatures, music,and business.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_apologetics
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians