講基督教 十一

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages#High_Middle_Ages_(800–1300)

隨著羅馬帝國的政治邊界在西方逐漸消失然後崩潰，基督教已經超越了帝國的舊邊界，進入了從未在羅馬統治之下的土地。
As the political boundaries of the Roman Empire diminished and then collapsed in the West, Christianity spread beyond the old borders of the Empire and into lands that had never been under Rome.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Gaul#Christianity_in_Merovingian_Gaul
當地居民受到迫害，直到法蘭克國王，克洛維斯一世於496年從異教徒轉為羅馬天主教。克洛維斯堅持要求他的貴族跟隨，通過將統治者的信仰與統治者的信仰結合起來，加強他新建立的王國。
The native inhabitants were persecuted until the Frankish King, Clovis I converted from paganism to Roman Catholicism in 496. Clovis insisted that his fellow nobles follow suit, strengthening his newly established kingdom by uniting the faith of the rulers with that of the ruled.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance

歐洲文藝復興開始於托斯卡納（義大利中部），並以佛羅倫薩市為中心。義大利文藝復興時期以其在繪畫，建築，雕塑，文學，音樂，哲學，科學和探索方面的成就而聞名。
The European Renaissance began in Tuscany (Central Italy), and was centred in the city of Florence.The Italian Renaissance is best known for its achievements in painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, philosophy, science and exploration.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_literature#Renaissance_humanism
教會赦免了米開朗基羅，布魯內萊斯基，布拉曼特，拉斐爾，弗拉安吉利科，多納泰羅和列奧納多達芬奇等藝術家。富裕的義大利家庭經常為自己的成員獲得主教辦公室，包括羅馬教皇。
the Church pardoned such artists as Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, Bramante, Raphael, Fra Angelico, Donatello, and Leonardo da Vinci. wealthy Italian families often secured episcopal offices, including the papacy, for their own members.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
在16和17世紀，在蘇萊曼大帝統治時期的最高權力，奧斯曼帝國是一個多國，多語言的帝國，控制著東南歐的大部分地區，中歐的部分地區，西亞的部分地區，東部的部分地區。歐洲和高加索，北非和非洲之角。
During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeast Europe, parts of Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.