俄羅斯工業 二

俄羅斯的主要出口產品是能源（石油和石油產品，天然氣，煤炭），軋鋼，黑色金屬和有色金屬以及礦產。俄羅斯出口的大部分屬於石油和石油產品。其他主要出口產品是天然氣，木材，化肥，機械和設備，武器。外國從俄羅斯獲得了3億多噸石油和大約2500億立方米的天然氣。俄羅斯進口機械設備，車輛，消費品，食品，化學產品，工業消費品。俄羅斯的主要貿易夥伴是德國，義大利，中國，土耳其，波蘭，瑞士，英國，美國和芬蘭。俄羅斯提供獨聯體國家石油和石油產品，天然氣，木材，機械和設備方面的大部分需求。對於大多數獨聯體國家來說,俄羅斯仍然是主要貿易夥伴。俄羅斯的自然資源潛力超過世界儲備的20％。這一事實使俄羅斯處於工業化國家中的一個特殊地位。俄羅斯經濟所使用的自然資源占國民財富的95.7％。有大量的燃料和能源資源：石油，天然氣，煤和鈾礦石. 俄羅斯的天然氣儲量（世界儲量的32％，世界產量的30％）排名世界第一，石油生產的第二位 （佔世界產量的10％），第三位 - 煤炭儲量（22個煤盆地，115個煤田，這些領域，包括歐洲俄羅斯 - 15.6％ - 西伯利亞約66.8％ - 遠東12.9％ -  烏拉爾地區為4.3％）。在鐵礦石儲量方面，俄羅斯位居第一位，錫位居第二位，鉛位居第三位。俄羅斯在木材供應方面也佔據世界領先地位。2005年，俄羅斯是黃金儲備最豐富的國家。

Russian main exports are energy (oil and petroleum products, gas, coal), rolled steel, ferrous and nonferrous metals and minerals. The greater part of Russian exports belongs to oil and petroleum products. Other leading exports are natural gas, timber, fertilizers, machinery and equipment, armaments. The foreign countries receive from Russia over 300 million tons of oil and approximately 250 billion cubic meters of gas. Russia imports machinery and equipment, vehicles, consumer goods, foodstuffs, chemical products, industrial consumer goods. Major trading partners of Russia are Germany, Italy, China, Turkey, Poland, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and Finland. Russia provides most of the needs of the CIS countries in oil and oil products, gas, timber, machinery and equipment. For the majority of CIS countries Russia remains the main trading partner. Natural resources potential of Russia is over 20% of the world』s reserves. This fact places Russia on a special place among industrialized countries. Natural resources used by the economy of Russia account for 95.7% of national wealth. There are large deposits of fuel and energy resources: oil, natural gas, coal and uranium ore. Russia is ranked first in the world by gas reserves (32% of world』s reserves, 30% of world production), the second in oil production (10% share of world production), the third - in coal reserves (22 coal basins, 115 fields, including those in European Russia - about 15.6% in Siberia - 66.8% in the Far East - 12.9%, in the Urals - 4.3%). In terms of reserves of iron ores Russia takes the first place, in tin – the second, lead - the third. Russia also occupies a leading position in the world in wood provision.  In 2005 Russia was the richest country in gold reserves.