我們可能完全誤解了遼河文化：日韓通古斯蒙古突厥等眾多阿爾泰（Transeurasian）語系的發源地，唯獨沒有漢語

How agriculture gave rise to one of the world』s most mysterious language families

Transeurasian languages arose in China 9000 years ago, new study claims

農業如何催生了世界最為神秘的語族

新的研究認為，阿爾泰語系源於9000年前的中國遼河流域

The Transeurasian languages, sometimes known as Altaic, include the languages of Siberia, Mongolia, Central Asia, and possibly Japan and the Korean Peninsula. The new study suggests the language family arose in northeastern China 9000 years ago, expanding with the spread of agriculture.

西伯利亞，蒙古，中亞，可能還有日韓等阿爾泰語系源於9000年前的中國東北，隨著農業的擴張而向外散布。

這意味著，遼寧同時是眾多歐亞人的搖籃。

「Languages don』t just go wandering off by themselves; they expand because the people who speak those languages spread.」 Farming, he adds, is a strong reason for such an expansion.

語言不會自己亂跑，語言隨著說他的人群擴張而散布開。農業的擴張嗎，是語言散布的一個重要因素。

The team used similarities between such basic terms and known historic shifts in sound to reconstruct an ancestral language, Proto-Transeurasian. Their family tree, which went back approximately 9200 years, suggested a common origin for dozens of words related to the growing and harvesting of a grain known as broomcorn millet.

研究者通過辭彙追溯詞源，發現阿爾泰語係數十個基本辭彙都從農作物黍衍生而來。

Next, archaeologists examined data from 255 sites across Central and Eastern Asia dating from about 8500 to 2000 years ago. Previous research had found fully domesticated millet arose in China』s Liao River Valley by at least 6000 years ago.

從中亞到東亞255個地點，8500-2000年前，都發現了種植的黍的。遼河流域發現了6000年前種植的黍。

Finally, geneticists analyzed DNA from 23 individuals who lived between 300 and 9000 years ago in what are now Siberia, Mongolia, China, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. They used computer algorithms to predict how those individuals were related to one another and to 2000 modern people whose genomes have been uploaded to genetic databases. Taken together, the three strands of evidence suggest a shared common ancestor for modern-day speakers of Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic languages: farmers living in the Liao River Valley approximately 9000 years ago, the researchers write today in Nature.

生活在300-9000年前西伯利亞，蒙古，中國，韓國，日本，台灣的人DNA，經檢測也有共同的約在9000年前的遼河祖先。

摘譯自：

https://www.science.org/content/ ... s-language-families

參考研究文獻

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04108-8