西方的養老

Sep 13, 2016 at 5:30 PM

美國的養老  American pension
在北歐這些國家有種說法，「從搖籃到墳墓」，也就是人的一生從搖籃到墳墓政府都給包了.  上次我講了些怎麼以人的需要為主來尋找商機, 主要講的是從出生到中年有哪些機會. 我覺得養老應該也是一個全球範圍的行業.  美國這邊有很多老人公寓，要年滿65歲以上而且收入在一定額度之下才可以申請的. 政府還會有房租補貼，自己只要出按收入的一定比例付房租，並且所有水電費都不用付. 這邊的醫療保險福利也是這樣，都是要有綠卡或者公民，人住在美國才能夠享用的. 這邊老人還有一些短期的和長期的護理保險. 在法律上，兒女不是有責任和義務撫養老人的. 但是要申請進老人公寓，尤其是像洛杉磯這樣的大城市，那至少要等三到五年. 中西部可能快一點. 一旦進了老人公寓，如果想換到另一個地區去也比較方便. 每個城市都有老人中心，每個月定時會給老人發放食物，當然都是快過時的. 老人還有交通卡，一個月付很少的錢，就可以隨便坐公共交通. 還有專門的叫車服務，每次每個人只要付不到三塊錢. 在老人中心，有洗衣房，會有人來定時理髮，還舉辦各種活動. 我父母住的老人公寓，三分之二以上是中國人.很奇怪沒有那麼多拉丁裔的，也許他們寧願跟兒女住一起吧！ 上次講到怎麼樣疏散人口，怎麼樣在全球範圍內安排年輕人的工作，我覺得也可以和養老工程聯繫在一起. 象美國這種福利國家，每年在老年人身上要花很多的錢，當然這些老年人必須待在美國國內. 像我父母這樣子的從國外來的，他們平時生活是非常寂寞的，住老人公寓也沒有多少人可以講話，他們平時也不會說幾句英文，自己出去坐車什麼都不方便. 美國的家庭醫生把他們當作小白鼠，拿他們當藥物實驗，醫生把他們當搖錢樹，聯合其他醫生朋友們一起橫斬豎斬，老人是向保險公司要錢的敲門磚. 當然他們希望跟兒女住得近一些.

In these northern European countries, there is a saying that 「from the cradle to the grave」, that is, the life of the person from the cradle to the grave covered by government. Last time I talked about how to focus on the needs of people to find business opportunities, mainly are the opportunities from birth to middle age. I think that pension should be a global industry. There are many elderly apartments in the United States. You could apply for on an age of 65 or above and the income is below a certain amount. The government will also have rent subsidy, you only need to pay a certain percentage of your income for the rent, and all the water and electricity charges are free. The same is true for the medical insurance benefits here. They all have green cards or citizens, and people can live in the United States. The elderly also have some short-term and long-term care insurance. In law, here children are not responsible and obligated to raise the elderly. But to apply for an elderly apartment, especially in a big city like Los Angeles, it takes at least three to five years. In Midwest it may be a little faster. Once in the elderly apartment, it is more convenient if you want to change to another area. Every city has a senior center, every month there is food given to the elderly, of course, it is almost out of date. The old people also have transportation cards. If you pay a small amount of money a month, you can take public transportation. There is also a special transportation service. Every time everyone pays less than three dollars. In the center of the elderly, there is a laundry room, there will be people to have regular haircuts, and also hold various activities. More than two-thirds of the elderly apartments my parents live in are Chinese. It』s strange that there are not so many Latinos. Maybe they would rather live with their children! Last time I talked about how to evacuate the population, how to arrange the work of young people on a global scale, I think it can also be linked to the old-age project. Like the welfare state of the United States, it costs a lot of money every year for the elderly. Of course, these elderly people must stay in the United States. Like my parents, who come from abroad, they usually live very lonely. There are not many people who  live in an apartment they can talk to. They don』t usually speak a few words of English. It』s not convenient to go out by car. American family doctors used them as test mice and used them as drug experiments. The doctors used them as money resources and swayed together with other doctors and friends. The old people are used as stepping stone to the insurance company. Of course they wanted to live close to their children. .

北歐福利國家有很多富裕的老年人以及無事可做的中青年，同時又有很高的憂鬱症. 我的表侄子，那麼年輕的一個小夥子，到德國讀書三年居然說腎臟有病要動中手術. 我覺得這是福利國家的醫生為了賺錢所創造出來的病. 歐洲又冷，那兒並不適合老年人的生活. 我在想，如果台灣，海南島，氣候溫和的地區，把有污染的工業移出去，如果老年人的福利能夠cover國外生活的話, 按照那邊的生活標準，請醫生，吃和住，還有長期護理的費用應該是不會比富裕國家多的，而且有些身體好的老人，還可以兼職做一些適合的工作, 比如手工啊, 教育啊等等，並保持年輕，那這不是為保險公司和那些國家節省金錢使之用到別的方面嗎？那些老年人如果走得動的話，可以冬天到溫暖的地方去過冬，夏天回到自己原來的地方. 美國中產老人可以結夥去中美洲買房子，郊外三室的一幢房子，四周都是鬱鬱蔥蔥的樹木，一年四季的瓜果，冬天是旱季還可以穿短褲，10年前是3萬到5萬美金，現在大概7萬，10萬了吧？有空還可以去周圍湖裡釣魚，或者自己種一些蔬菜瓜果，悠哉悠哉過日子. 我以前哈佛男友，現在在印度孟買邊上一所大學做藝術系系主任，開學了去印度教書, 平時就回美國. 現在工作機會越來越傾向年輕人，可是有很多的行業，比如政治，藝術，工匠，工程等等，那些有很多有經驗又年紀大了，應該讓他們設計, 創造, 出謀略呀，實際上老年才是他們的黃金時期. 中國有許多的機械製造和設計需要人才，因為有很大程度還是用手工在做. 雖然放出去一大批年輕人去海外學習，第一，這些人能不能去到真正關鍵部門工作而掌握關鍵技術，那就是個大問題. 別人不可能把好的東西讓你學和看. 第二，熟能生巧. 這些年輕人要經過許多的磨練和經歷，才會積累一定的經驗去設計創造。 而有了經驗還不一定就能創造. 比如像有的裝修工，建築工人，做了幾十年也不一定能做建築師來設計樓房啊. 我不是學大系統設計的，這邊人也根本不想讓我知道整個系統是怎麼設計的，每項工作沒做兩年就把我換掉，甚至有的做了一個月就把我辭退了. 就是因為每一次調動工作我都要從頭學起，要閱讀了解很多的背景材料去熟悉新的系統. 因為看的系統多了，從民用的，到軍用的. 從小的接收機，到大的衛星系統，從海底的聲納系統，到飛行器系統和坦克系統，雖然設計理念不同但組成相似，只是多有變換罷了，所以自己悟出了系統設計的過程和關鍵所在，就有了經驗. 你們如果讓那些有經驗的退休者來為你們設計和教年輕人，那可是揀了大便宜呢.

The Nordic welfare state has many wealthy seniors and young people who have nothing to do, and at the same time have high depression. My niece,  a young man, so young, have been in Germany for three years, said that his kidney had problem that had to undergo surgery. I think this is a disease created by doctors in the welfare state to make money. Europe is cold, and it is not suitable for the life of the elderly. I am thinking that if Taiwan, Hainan Island, and mild climate areas, if polluted industries would be removed, and if the welfare of the elderly can cover foreign life, follow the other side  standard of living, see doctors, eat and live, and the cost of long-term care should not be more than rich countries. Some old people in good health can also do some suitable part-time work , such as manual craftship, education, etc.  and stay young, isn't this a way for insurance companies and those countries to save money and use them in other places? If the elderly can walk, they can go to the warm place for winter  and return to their original place in the summer. The American middle-aged and old man can go to Central America to buy a house, a house of  three-room in the suburb, surrounded by lush trees. Fruits of the whole year, dry season in Winter  can also wear shorts. 10 years ago it was 30,000 to 50,000 dollars, now about 70,000, 100,000? If you have time, you can go fishing in the surrounding lakes, or grow some vegetables and fruits yourself. My previous Harvard boyfriend, now the head of the art department at a university in Mumbai, India. When the school starts, he goes to India to teach, usually return to the United States. Nowadays, job opportunities are more and more inclined to young people, but there are many industries, such as politics, art, craftsmen, engineering, etc. those who have many experiences and are old, should let them design, create, and make plans. In fact, old age is their golden age. There are many mechanical manufacturing and design talents in China, because there is a lot of work done by hand, although a large number of young people are released to study abroad, first, these people can't go to the real key department to master the key technology, that is a big problem. Others won't let you learn good things nor see them. Second, practice makes perfect. These young people have to go through many tempering and experience so that they can accumulate certain experience to design and create. And even with experience, it is not always possible to create. For example, some decoration workers, construction workers, working for decades, may not be able to be architects to design buildings. I was not learning big system design, here  people also didn't want to let me know how the whole system was designed. Every job I didn't changed after  two years. Some even dismissed me after a month. Just because I have to learn from scratch every time I change job, to read a lot of background material to get familiar with the new system. Because there are many systems to understand, from civilian to military, from small receivers to large satellite systems, from sonar systems on the sea ground to aircraft systems, and the tank system. Although these design concepts are different, but the composition is similar, but there are many variations. So I realized the process and key points of the system design, and I have experience. If you let those experienced retirees come to design for you and teach young people,  you take a big advantage.