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由此,我們想到,人類特有的「我比你多」式公平感是否真的存在?我們會不會其實也和其他動物一樣,只在自己處於不利地位時才希求真正的公平,而在自己處於優勢地位時只有「虛假」的公平呢?

分配時力求一碗水端平,算不算一種虛偽呢?圖片來源:東方IC
諾貝爾經濟學獎得住阿馬蒂亞·森(Amartya K. Sen)曾經描述過一個故事[8]。兩個小男孩同時找到兩個蘋果,男孩A迅速挑走了大蘋果,對此男孩B非常生氣。男孩A問道:「如果你在我之前挑選蘋果,你會選擇哪一個呢?」男孩B回答:「我會選擇小的。」男孩A大喜:「那你有什麼可抱怨?這(小蘋果)不正是你想要的那個嗎?」
在面對「我比你少」時,男孩B的態度是,「我厭惡施加於我的不公平,但我並不排斥自己選擇的不公平」。倘若將這個故事放在本文所討論的「我比你多」上,那麼這種態度可能會變成,「我喜歡他人給予我的優勢不公,但我從不會主動去攫取它」。(編輯:odette)
參考文獻
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