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有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to，這些動詞有：
一感二聽三讓四觀看。
一感：feel
二聽：hear, listen to
三讓：let, have, make
四觀看：observe, see, watch, look at
i go search online and find a good piece from 京鴻疆在線答疑. i copy Jing's explanations of this grammatical phenomenon below.
賓語補足語就是進一步說明賓語的：主+謂+賓+賓補。不定式，分詞，名詞，形容，副詞都能作補語。下面以分次為例子
分詞作賓語補足語
1) 跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如：
When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
當他們度假完回到家時，發現房子被盜了。（過去分詞表示被動）
We want this work finished quickly.
我們要求這項工作很快完成。
2) 在複合賓語中，用現在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的發出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關係；用過去分詞作賓補，表示賓語是動作的承受者，構成邏輯上的動賓關係。例如：
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn』t make himself heard.
由於十分吵鬧，講話人沒法讓人聽到他的聲音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒來的時候發現一位老大娘正在照顧他。
不定式可以在「主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語」句型中充當賓語補足語。在這一句型中，賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語。
在表示感覺的動詞後作賓語補足語，並且不定式都不帶to。
這類動詞有：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
I heard them sing yesterday.
昨天我聽見他們唱歌了。
Did you see him go out?
你看見他出去了嗎？
I felt something crawl up my leg.
我感到有什麼東西爬到我腿上了。
轉為被動語態時，原不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式 (notice和watch沒有被動語態)。
We saw the car stop.
--> The car was seen to stop.
我們看見這輛車停了下來。
在使役動詞後作賓語補足語，不定式不帶to。
這類動詞有：make, let, have等。轉為被動語態時，其後通常都用帶to的不定式 (have沒有被動語態)。
What would you have me do?
你要我做什麼？
She made him give up smoking.
她讓他戒了煙。
Let him do whatever he wishes to do.
他想幹什麼就讓他干吧。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
雖然經常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了。
有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to，這些動詞有：
一感二聽三讓四觀看。
一感：feel
二聽：hear, listen to
三讓：let, have, make
四觀看：observe, see, watch, look at [/COLOR]
在表示心理狀態的動詞後作賓語補足語。
這類動詞有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。這類動詞后的不定式通常是"to be+形容詞或名詞"結構，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
我們認為他是一個好老師。
He proved that theory (to be) very important.
他證明那個理論是很重要的。
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次見到她的時候就認為她人很好，很誠實。
在表示情感狀態的動詞後作賓語補足語。
這類動詞有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。
I'd prefer you to leave him alone.
我希望你不要打擾他。
I don't want there to be any trouble.
我不想有任何麻煩。
動詞advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等後面，多接不定式短語作賓語補足語。
We don't allow such things to happen again.
我們不容許這種事情再發生。
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.
大多數父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽煙。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她請我在她不在的時候接電話。
Please remind me to leave her this note.
請提醒我留給她這張紙條。
She requested him to go with her.
她邀請他一同去。
hope, demand, suggest等動詞後面不能接不定式作賓語補足語。
【誤】I hope you to give me a hand.
【正】I hope you can give me a hand.
我希望你能幫我一把。
【正】I wish you to give me a hand.
我希望你能幫我一把。
【誤】He demanded me to be present at the meeting.
【正】He demanded that we should be present at the meeting.
他要求我們出席會議。
【正】He required us to be present at the meeting.
他要求我們出席會議。
【誤】Mr Li suggested her not to go there alone.
【正】Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.
李先生建議她不要獨自去那裡。
動詞不定式也可作一些短語動詞的賓語補足語。
I'm waiting for James to arrive.
我正等著詹姆斯的到來。
He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.
他已安排了一輛汽車去車站接他們。
The UN has called on both sides to observe the cease fire.
聯合國號召交戰雙方遵守停火協定。[/COLOR] |
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