標題: 成功孩子背後的父母都有這11個共性(雙語) [列印本頁] 作者: 魔之右手 時間: 2015-12-15 18:26 標題: 成功孩子背後的父母都有這11個共性(雙語) 1. They make their kids do chores.
1. 他們讓孩子做家務。
"If kids aren't doing the dishes, it means someone else is doing that for them," Julie Lythcott-Haims, former Dean of Freshmen at Stanford University and author of "How to Raise an Adult" said during a TED Talks Live event.
Lythcott-Haims believes kids raised on chores go on to become employees who collaborate well with their coworkers, are more empathetic because they know firsthand what struggling looks like, and are able to take on tasks independently.
Researchers from Pennsylvania State University and Duke University tracked more than 700 children from across the US between kindergarten and age 25 and found a significant correlation between their social skills as kindergartners and their success as adults two decades later.
The 20-year study showed that socially competent children who could cooperate with their peers without prompting, be helpful to others, understand their feelings, and resolve problems on their own, were far more likely to earn a college degree and have a full-time job by age 25 than those with limited social skills.
Using data from a national survey of 6,600 children born in 2001, University of California at Los Angeles professor Neal Halfon and his colleagues discovered that the expectations parents hold for their kids have a huge effect on attainment.
This falls in line with another psych finding: the Pygmalion effect, which states "that what one person expects of another can come to serve as a self-fulfilling prophecy."
4. They have healthy relationships with each other.
4. 他們彼此維繫著良好的關係。
Some studies have found children in nonconflictual single parent families fare better than children in conflictual two-parent families. The conflict between parents prior to divorce also affects children negatively, while post-divorce conflict has a strong influence on children's adjustment.
A 2014 study lead by University of Michigan psychologist Sandra Tang found that mothers who finished high school or college were more likely to raise kids that did the same.
2014年密西根大學的心理學家桑德拉·唐率領團隊做了一項研究，結果發現完成高中或大學教育的母親撫養出的孩子更有可能擁有同樣的教育經歷。
6. They teach their kids math early on.
6. 他們很早就教孩子數學。
A 2007 meta-analysis of 35,000 preschoolers across the US, Canada, and England found that developing math skills early can turn into a huge advantage. Mastery of early math skills predicts not only future math achievement, it also predicts future reading achievement.
A 2014 study of 243 people born into poverty found that children who received "sensitive caregiving" in their first three years not only did better in academic tests in childhood, but had healthier relationships and greater academic attainment in their 30s. This suggests that investments in early parent-child relationships may result in long-term returns that accumulate across individuals' lives.
Research shows that if your friend is happy, that brightness will infect you; if she's sad, that gloominess will transfer as well. This is called emotional contagion -- the psychological phenomenon where people "catch" feelings from one another like they would a cold. So if a parent is exhausted or frustrated, that emotional state could transfer to the kids.
Over decades, children (and adults) think about success in one of the following two ways. On the one hand, a "fixed mindset" assumes that success is the affirmation of the inherent intelligence. Striving for success and avoiding failure at all costs become a way of maintaining the sense of being smart or skilled. A "growth mindset," on the other hand, thrives on challenge and sees failure not as evidence of un-intelligence but as a heartening springboard for growth and for stretching our existing abilities.
According to research out of Harvard Business School, there are significant benefits for children growing up with mothers who work outside the home.
根據哈佛商學院(微博)的一項調查，孩子同在職媽媽一同長大受益顯著。
The study found daughters of working mothers went to school longer, were more likely to have a job in a supervisory role, and earned more money. The sons of working mothers also tended to pitch in more on household chores and childcare.
研究發現，有在職媽媽的女孩子上學時間更長，並且更有可能找到一份監督角色的工作，賺的薪水更多。而且有在職母親的男孩子比媽媽是家庭主婦的男孩更傾向於參加各種活動。
11. They have a higher socioeconomic status.
11. 他們有更高的社會經濟地位。
Tragically, one-fifth of American children grow up in poverty, a situation that severely limits their potential. According to Stanford University researcher Sean Reardon, socioeconomic status is what drives much of educational attainment and performance.