從趙雷團隊被拒入境談一談如何應對通關種種意外

從趙雷團隊被拒入境談一談如何應對通關種種意外

趙雷作為選秀選手出身，經紀公司要安排4場北美巡演，可是把他給樂壞了——微博、娛樂版頭條各處宣傳「趙雷：我要開全球巡演啦！」誰知團隊申請美國簽證，連旅遊和演出都傻傻不分，結果，集體被拒，集體悲劇——簽證與赴美目的不同，被拒簽是最輕的，嚴重的很可能遭到遣返、甚至5年不得赴美。

今天我們談一談，通關時候的正確態度和舉止，以及各種意外應當如何應對。

態度、語言、氣質體現了一個人的文化層次和道德水平，海關官員會在這些方面對遊客察言觀色，以確定該遊客是否有可能在美國逗留期間違法犯罪，從而危害美國社會的安全。

（1）        穿著要好，但是態度不能傲慢無禮。要有土豪的衣服，但是不能有土豪的作風。要豪，但不能土，否則就成了暴發戶。

之前有一個來自中國的土豪通關時態度傲慢，嫌海關廢話多、動作慢，於是大吼大叫：「大爺我是拿了大筆錢來美國消費的，再啰嗦大爺就不來了。」結果平時蠻橫無理的海關官員這一次表現得特別善解人意，立刻就把這位大爺遣返了。

在海關官員的邏輯里，有禮貌、有教養和誠信是相輔相成的。即便有些傲慢無禮之徒沒有被遣返，但也會被隔離起來「第二次審查」（Secondary Screening），造成不必要的麻煩。

（2）背景很重要。那些看上去沒有受過高等教育、收入不高的孕婦在美國非法逗留的可能性遠遠大於那些穿著考究、舉止得體、談吐優雅的職業女性。受採訪的海關官員說，根據他的經驗，受過高等教育、擁有雄厚資金的孕婦成功入境的通過率很高。而那種即使有錢，但行為輕佻、放蕩的女性，讓人懷疑錢是非法色情行業所得。

要讓海關覺得你沒有理由移民美國

遊客應有回程的機票以及回國的意願。例如，遊客的家人、工作、財產等對其構成了巨大的約束力，使海關官員覺得其不可能會放棄這些移民美國，因此可以順利通關。這也就意味著如果來美的隻身女性說她來美探訪男友，那她在美國結婚的可能性就很大，因此被海關遣返的可能性也相應的大大增加。

總而言之：在中國的約束力越大，在美國越沒有約束力，那麼海關放行的可能性就越大。

如果被拒入關怎麼辦？

有的遊客被海關認定有移民傾向，即將遣送回國時，遊客為了留在美國，申請政治庇護。在這種情況下，海關一般會察覺到遊客的動機，不認可這是主動行為，於是便會用策略告訴遊客其即將面臨拘禁。個別海關官員也許會誇大其辭，加深遊客對於拘禁的恐懼感。但實際上，這種拘禁不同於對刑事犯罪嫌疑人的拘禁，只是被隔離。然後等待美國移民局庇護面談官的問話。

根據美國移民法，政治庇護申請者有權利聘請代理律師，但實際上，這種申請政治庇護屬於「被動申請」（Defense Asylum），從被拘禁到被移民官問話，中間往往只有幾天時間（不同於Affirmative Asylum主動申請政治庇護）。這麼短的時間往往來不及找到相關的律師。這時建議聯繫聯合國難民委員會，對方會給予幫助。

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

1775 K Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20006

電話：202-296-5191，888-272-1913

網址： www.unhcr.org

海關可以查手機

美國海關有權力檢查入關者的隨身物品，包括手機和計算機里的文文件和聊天記錄。美國海關有懂中文的官員，可以看懂微信記錄。聯邦政府掃蕩月子中心之後，檢查越來越頻繁。

美國海關邊境保護局（Customs and Border Protection, CBP）官方網站上有這樣一段話：

We may also examine your baggage, including electronic equipment, or your car, which we have the legal authority to do.

我們可能會檢查您的包裹，包括電子設備，或您的車輛，我們有法律賦予的權力做這樣的檢查。

遊客必須配合海關的檢查。如果拒絕檢查，將大大加重海關的懷疑，除了被遣返之外，還有可能會被採取強制檢查措施。就好比拒捕不但沒用，反而罪上加罪。

也不要自作聰明地推說手機和計算機的開機密碼忘記了，或借口計算機、手機里有夫妻之間的隱私照片不能讓海關看，那樣也會增加被遣返的可能性。

就讓「海天盛宴」留在美好的回憶里吧，除非你實在想與美國的海關官員分享。

另外，美國法律對涉及未成年人（18歲以下）的色情數據懲罰非常嚴厲。聯邦法律規定：

● 對於以商業手段故意接受、運輸、傳播、出售或準備出售涉及未成年人的色情資料的，初犯者將被罰款並處以5年以上20年以下的監禁，累犯者罰款並處以15年以上40年以下的監禁。

● 對於持有或有意觀看涉及未成年人的色情資料的，將被罰款並處以最高10年的監禁。其中涉及12歲以下幼兒色情資料的，處以最高20年的監禁。

由此可見，即使是「持有」相關的色情資料都是有罪的！所以這裡要特別提醒那些「精」力旺盛的祖國同胞們：把你們手機、計算機、iPad裡面的島國女優統統刪掉吧。本來亞洲人相對美國人而言就看上去顯小，30歲的長得像15歲，這樣就很容易讓美國海關官員認定你涉嫌「持有、觀看兒童色情資料」。

以下是美國聯邦法律在這方面的原文：

18 U.S. Code § 2252 –

Certain activities relating to material involving the sexual exploitation of minors

(a) Any person who—

(1) knowingly transports or ships using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any means including by computer or mails, any visual depiction, if—

(A) the producing of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and

(B) such visual depiction is of such conduct;

(2) knowingly receives, or distributes, any visual depiction using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or that has been mailed, or has been shipped or transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, or which contains materials which have been mailed or so shipped or transported, by any means including by computer, or knowingly reproduces any visual depiction for distribution using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or through the mails, if—

(A) the producing of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and

(B) such visual depiction is of such conduct;

(3) either—

(A) in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or on any land or building owned by, leased to, or otherwise used by or under the control of the Government of the United States, or in the Indian country as defined in section 1151 of this title, knowingly sells or possesses with intent to sell any visual depiction; or

(B) knowingly sells or possesses with intent to sell any visual depiction that has been mailed, shipped, or transported using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce, or has been shipped or transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, or which was produced using materials which have been mailed or so shipped or transported using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce, including by computer, if—

(i) the producing of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and

(ii) such visual depiction is of such conduct; or

(4) either—

(A) in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or on any land or building owned by, leased to, or otherwise used by or under the control of the Government of the United States, or in the Indian country as defined in section 1151 of this title, knowingly possesses, or knowingly accesses with intent to view, 1 or more books, magazines, periodicals, films, video tapes, or other matter which contain any visual depiction; or

(B) knowingly possesses, or knowingly accesses with intent to view, 1 or more books, magazines, periodicals, films, video tapes, or other matter which contain any visual depiction that has been mailed, or has been shipped or transported using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, or which was produced using materials which have been mailed or so shipped or transported, by any means including by computer, if—

(i) the producing of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and

(ii) such visual depiction is of such conduct;

shall be punished as provided in subsection (b) of this section.

(b)

(1) Whoever violates, or attempts or conspires to violate, paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a) shall be fined under this title and imprisoned not less than 5 years and not more than 20 years, but if such person has a prior conviction under this chapter, section 1591, chapter 71section 1591, chapter 71, chapter 109A, or chapter 117, or under section 920 of title 10 (article 120 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice), or under the laws of any State relating to aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, or abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward, or the production, possession, receipt, mailing, sale, distribution, shipment, or transportation of child pornography, or sex trafficking of children, such person shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for not less than 15 years nor more than 40 years.

(2) Whoever violates, or attempts or conspires to violate, paragraph (4) of subsection (a) shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both, but if any visual depiction involved in the offense involved a prepubescent minor or a minor who had not attained 12 years of age, such person shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or if such person has a prior conviction under this chapter, chapter 71, chapter 109A, or chapter 117, or under section 920 of title 10 (article 120 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice), or under the laws of any State relating to aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, or abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward, or the production, possession, receipt, mailing, sale, distribution, shipment, or transportation of child pornography, such person shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for not less than 10 years nor more than 20 years.

(c) Affirmative Defense.— It shall be an affirmative defense to a charge of violating paragraph (4) of subsection (a) that the defendant—

(1) possessed less than three matters containing any visual depiction proscribed by that paragraph; and

(2) promptly and in good faith, and without retaining or allowing any person, other than a law enforcement agency, to access any visual depiction or copy thereof—

(A) took reasonable steps to destroy each such visual depiction; or

(B) reported the matter to a law enforcement agency and afforded that agency access to each such visual depiction.

最新趨勢

根據美國移民法中有關持非移民簽證在美合法停留期的規定：持「商務/旅遊」簽證在美國的停留期一般不超過一年，可根據情況延期，每次延期不超過6個月。「旅遊」簽證（B-2）一般可以獲得最少6個月的合法停留期。有關這部份的法律條文如下：

8 CFR 214.2 –

Special requirements for admission, extension, and maintenance of status.

(b) Visitors—

(1) General. Any B-1 visitor for business or B-2 visitor for pleasure may be admitted for not more than one year and may be granted extensions of temporary stay in increments of not more than six months each, except that alien members of a religious denomination coming temporarily and solely to do missionary work in behalf of a religious denomination may be granted extensions of not more than one year each, provided that such work does not involve the selling of articles or the solicitation or acceptance of donations. Those B-1 and B-2 visitors admitted pursuant to the waiver provided at § 212.1(e) of this chapter may be admitted to and stay on Guam for period not to exceed fifteen days and are not eligible for extensions of stay.

(2) Minimum six month admissions. Any B-2 visitor who is found otherwise admissible and is issued a Form I-94 (see § 1.4), will be admitted for a minimum period of six months, regardless of whether less time is requested, provided, that any required passport is valid as specified in section 212(a)(26) of the Act. Exceptions to the minimum six month admission may be made only in individual cases upon the specific approval of the district director for good cause.

遊客在美的停留期，在遊客入關面談時，由美國海關決定。現在來美國的遊客只要能進來，大多數被海關批准的逗留期都是6個月。

海關批准6個月的逗留期，但不代表你一定要住滿6個月，旅個游不需要那麼久。如果你真的住滿6個月，雖然沒有違反規定，但下次再來，會在入關時遇到麻煩。海關會強烈懷疑你有移民傾向。

只有極其個別的情況，海關嚴重懷疑孕婦是蓄意來美生子的（簽證時沒有向簽證官說明赴美生子，但過海關承認要生子，因此被海關懷疑簽證欺詐），但是又因為孕婦有一定經濟實力，因此沒有遣返她，但也沒有批准6個月的停留期，只給了一到三個月。

這種情況下，可申請延期，程序是向移民局（Unites States Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS）提交I-539表及290美元申請費。可能結果如下：

（1）成功獲得批准延期，那麼孕婦就有充足的時間生寶寶。

（2）延期申請被拒，從申請信寄出，一般要3個工作日才能到達移民局，移民局花幾個工作日審核申請，將拒絕信寄回，又是一般要3個工作日孕婦才能收到。一來一去十天就拖過去了。移民局通常會讓申請者收到拒絕信之後30天內離開。也就是說，最多還可以拖30天。這樣這些零零碎碎的時間加起來，差不多也就夠生寶寶了。以下這段文字來自於由美國海關邊境保護局（Customs and Border Protection, CBP）的官方網頁：

Extension of Stay Denied

Q: If my request to stay past my initial period of admission was denied by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS), how long do I have before I have to leave the U.S.?

A: USCIS generally allows you 30 days to depart the U.S. starting from the date on the letter notifying you of their decision to deny an extension. If you do not depart within 30 days, you will be considered deportable. USCIS cautions that if you are refused permission to extend your stay, you may encounter problems with Consulates overseas the next time you apply for a U.S. visa because their computer records will indicate that you did not leave the U.S. within the time frame of your initial period of entry. Be sure to keep your rejection letter and proof of the date of your departure (a boarding pass is the best thing, but passport stamps showing entry into another country is also helpful) to give the consulate the next time you apply for a new visa. Having those may mitigate your apparent overstay and could improve your chances of renewing your visa without the five year restriction usually applied to people that have overstayed their visit.

其它問題

（1）如果中國夫妻來美旅遊，隨行的有在美國生的小孩，是否會增加被拒絕入境的可能性？

一般情況下不會。在美國出生的小孩是美國公民。美國海關不能拒絕美國公民入境，只能拒絕不是美國公民的父母入境。但考慮到父母需要照顧孩子，海關會根據情況酌情考慮。比如孩子有多大年齡，生活是否能自理，以及遊客一家來美的目的，等等。說白了，就是要確定他們是否按時離開、不非法滯留。

（2）如果中國夫妻來美旅遊，隨行的有在中國生的小孩，是否會增加拒絕入境的可能性？

會。美國實行12年制義務教育，很多中國孩子以遊客身份來美國，一來就不走了，享受免費教育，佔用美國納稅人的資源。美國政府極力杜絕這種現象的發生。因此，被拒絕入境的可能性很大。

（3）在不確定女性遊客是否懷孕的情況下，海關會不會適用X光機或者B超等醫療設備去檢測？

不會。如果海關懷疑遊客懷孕，但她又不承認，那麼海關會進行更具體的隔離問話，他們內部稱之為「第二次審查」（Secondary Screening）。海關會通過女性遊客的表情、神態、穿著以及隨身計算機、手機里的聊天內容來進行判斷，但不會使用專業的醫療設備。

近年來中國赴美留學的學生越來越多，美國海關特別提醒即將來美求學的中國留學生，在出發到美國前，確定所有文件，包括學校發出的I-20、有效護照以及美國簽證等，都要帶齊，以縮短入關時間，確保權益。

• [11/17]劉龍珠律師法律評論：如果劉鑫反鎖門，涉嫌故意殺人罪，可判死刑！
• [11/18]劉龍珠律師法律評論：面試官問你最大的缺點時，你怎麼回答？
• [11/18]劉龍珠律師答：保價20萬燕窩寄碎，被判全額賠償后順豐不幹了，你認為20萬的賠償合理嗎
• [11/21]華人夫妻、白人代母，產下一個黑寶寶——代孕過程中的法律問題
• [11/21]劉龍珠律師法律評論：從oh my girl到關喆再到趙雷，歷史一直在重演
• [11/22] 從趙雷團隊被拒入境談一談如何應對通關種種意外
• [11/23]為什麼總是犯同樣的錯？——韓國85人旅遊團被拒入境美國
• [11/23]劉龍珠律師法律評論：趙薇涉嫌證券犯罪，最高可判5年
• [11/27]劉龍珠律師呼籲紅黃藍受害者發起集體訴訟
• [11/29]劉龍珠律師談【紅黃藍虐童案】的集體訴訟
• [11/29]劉龍珠律師法律評論：在美國，性侵兒童將面臨終身監禁！
• [12/01]劉龍珠律師法律評論：趙薇黃有龍夫妻出事了，你怎麼看？
• [12/02]直播：紅黃藍事件 — 國內暫時有驚無險，海外致命打擊將至？ （《法治與社會》第86期

• 查看：[劉龍珠律師的.最新博文]
• 查看：[大家的.最新博文]
• 查看：[大家的.熱點雜談]