在澳大利亞西澳州,平均24個土著人就有一個在監獄。在澳大利亞土著人多數的北領地,平均120個居民就有一個在監獄,高於世界著名的美國的平均137人有一個坐監獄。
澳大利亞2200萬人有3萬多人關在監獄中,平均每6天有一個犯人死於獄中。
難怪這是一個華人記者寫的,難怪惡評如潮,難怪半天就被撤出網站的首頁。
Policy
failure as prisons fill with indigenous people
DateMay 27, 2013
Inga Ting
Writer
- goodfood.com.au
View more articles from Inga Ting
Every day in
Australia, 30,000 people wake up in a jail. Statistically, one of those people
dies every six days.
Last week the Australian Institute of Criminology
delivered its long-awaited report into deaths in custody. Its national deaths in
custody program was established after the Royal Commission into Aboriginal
Deaths in Custody in recognition that timely, accurate data was crucial to
reducing the unacceptably high number of deaths in our prison and police
systems.
That this report is not months but years late is a snub to the
importance of that goal. A decade ago, the program was delivering its reports
within days of the close of the reporting period - the 2003, 2004 and 2005
reports were delivered within one month. Then, without explanation, each of the
next three reports took between 16 months and two years to appear. The 2009-11
report has been almost 3½ years in the making.
Finally, the edition
covering 2009, 2010 and half of 2011 is here. You might expect that this report
- which marks 20 years since the royal commission and paints a horrific portrait
of the state of indigenous criminal justice - might have grabbed some headlines.
Yet newspapers of the day carried a single article - an opinion piece co-written
by the institute's research analyst Mathew Lyneham, buried on page 10 of The
Australian.
The government's press release - with the Orwellian title
''20 Years on - Improvements in death-in-custody rates but more to be done'' -
labelled the report as "encouraging" and "welcomed … findings that
death-in-custody rates have decreased significantly in the past decade" and are
"some of the lowest recorded".
But that was spin. The truth is that rates
of death are only low because rates of incarceration are at a record high. In
fact, the actual number of indigenous deaths in prison is on the rise, with the
number in 2009-10 (14 deaths) equal to the highest on record.
Given the
central aim of the royal commission's 339 recommendations - to urgently reduce
indigenous incarceration rates - and the report's finding that the proportion of
indigenous prisoners had almost doubled in the 20 years since the commission
delivered those recommendations, the findings look more like an abject
failure.
Every state and territory government committed to implementing
the commission's recommendations when the report was handed down in 1991.
Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent. So what has been achieved
since?
At the time of the commission's final report, indigenous people
were eight times more likely to be imprisoned than non-indigenous people. A
decade after the report was handed down they were 10 times more likely to be
imprisoned.
Today, they are 15 times more likely. In Western Australia,
which has the highest indigenous imprisonment rate in the country, indigenous
people are close to 20 times more likely to be jailed than non-indigenous
people. One in 24 is behind bars.
Over the past decade, the indigenous
rate of incarceration has soared 11 times faster than the non-indigenous rate -
and this at a time when the country is locking up more people per capita than at
any other period. It gets worse. The gap between the indigenous and
non-indigenous incarceration rate is growing. Last year, Australia's prisoner
population rose 1 per cent; the national indigenous prisoner population rose 4
per cent.
Racialised punishment is nothing new in this country.
It
bears remembering that punishment is not just about the act of locking someone
up or imposing a penalty. It is an expression of power and a means of control.
Historically, Australia has always applied different forms of punishment to
Aboriginal people. (For example, Aboriginal people were subject to public
execution, lashing and flogging long after these brutal measures ceased to be
used on non-indigenous people.) Criminologists have traced racialised punishment
in an unbroken line back to colonisation.
Deaths in custody are evidence
of human rights violations occurring on our watch. That prison deaths are on the
rise is evidence of a creeping trend towards mass incarceration. (In 2009, the
Australian Human Rights Commission predicted the Northern Territory would have
the highest incarceration rate in the world. With about one in every 120
territorians behind bars - compared with 1 in 137 in the US, the world's leading
jailer - it may now hold that dubious distinction.)
In their final report
the commissioners wrote: "One of the most disturbing findings of the commission
has been the frequent failure of … authorities to learn from the deaths which
had occurred, and to act to prevent subsequent deaths in similar
circumstances."
How many more lives must quietly slip away under the
watch of our police and prison guards before we sit up and pay
attention?
That's 2325 since 1980. And counting.
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