李西興英譯白居易觀刈麥
2025年11月16日
興案:白居易詩《觀刈麥》,我非常喜愛。我曾是下鄉知青,期間在兩處(陝西鳳縣和大荔)插隊村和原籍(河南溫縣)參加過三次夏收。之前,我上中學時,還去過西安市(我是中國陝西西安市出生長大,直到46嵗才隨妻子移居紐西蘭奧克蘭)北郊的漢城農村幫助農民收麥。《觀刈麥》詩中描述收麥農夫「足蒸暑土氣,背灼炎天光。力盡不知熱,但惜夏日長。」對此我是深有實踐感受的。詩中提到,貧婦帶著孩子揀麥穗,這種事情在《聖經》裏也有同樣的反映,收麥時地主允許無耕地的窮人拾麥穗果腹。記得我參加奧克蘭的某次聖經學習會上,教友談起這件事。我就舉出《觀刈麥》詩貧婦揀麥穗的故事,説明中國傳統也有這樣的習俗。獲得現場的奧克蘭教友的欣賞。
《聖經》關於窮人拾麥穗的故事見舊約《路得記》,說女主角路得在異鄉(摩押)拾取別人遺留的麥穗,以供養她的婆婆拿俄米和自己。這個故事説明在律法允許下,窮人可以從田間收集收割後遺漏的莊稼,以及路得的忠誠和勤勞。
註:紅色中文是英譯的中文意思反饋。
Watching to harvest wheat 觀刈麥
Bai Juyi 白居易
Translator Li Xixing
田家少閒月;五月人倍忙。
Farmers
have few idle months,
In the
Fifth month it』s double busy.
田家少閑月,五月人倍忙。
夜來南風起,小麥覆隴黃。
Last
night, the south wind rose,
The
wheat fields turned golden.
昨夜南風起,麥田變金黃。
妻妹提食籃,孩子提水罐。
Wives and sisters carried baskets
of food,
Children brought jugs of water.
婦姑荷簞食,童稚攜壺漿。
相隨餉田去,丁壯在南岡。
They went together to the wheat
fields,
Strong men are harvesting on the
southern hill.
一起去麥田,壯勞在南坡。
足蒸暑土氣,背烤烈日光。
Feet
steamed by the hot earth,
Backs
scorched by the blazing sun.
足蒸暑土氣,背灼炎天光。
力盡不知熱,但惜夏日長。
Exhausted, no mind of the heat,
But the
summer day was too long.
力盡不顧熱,夏日實太長。
還有一貧婦,攜子在身旁。
There
was also a poor woman,
Holding
her child beside her.
復有貧婦人,抱子在其傍。
右手秉遺穗,左臂懸弊筐。
Her
right hand picked up ears of grain,
Her left
arm carried a worn-out basket.
右手拾麥穗,左臂挎舊筐。
聽她與人言,余深感悲傷。
Hearing she talked with others,
I couldn't help but felt sorrow.
聽其相顧言,聞者為悲傷。
家田輸稅盡,拾此充饑腸。
Her family farm had been
exhausted by taxes,
She satisfied her hunger by
these wheat ears.
家田輸稅儘,拾此充饑腸。
今我何功德?從未事農桑。
What
merit have I gained now?
I have
never engaged in farming.
今我何功德?曾不事農桑。
吏祿三百石,歲晏有餘糧。
My
official salary is twenty tons of grain,
I have
plenty to spare at the end of the year.
嵗祿兩千噸,年底有富餘;
I
thought myself and felt shame,
自思很羞愧,終日難忘記。
I
cannot forget it day and night.
念此私自愧,盡日不能忘。
興案:唐代一石=30斤 一斤=600克 1000kg=1 ton
120X300=36000x600g=21600kg=21.6 tons
精確換算 300石=21600kg=21.6 tons=43200斤
英譯詩文用20 tons of rice = 20噸米
Picul=擔=100斤 模糊換算 300x100=30000斤
興案:唐代一石=30斤 一斤=600克 1000kg=1 ton
120X300=36000x600g=21600kg=21.6 tons
精確換算 300石=21600kg=21.6 tons=43200斤
英譯詩文用20 tons of rice = 20噸米
Picul=擔=100斤 模糊換算 300x100=30000斤