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by 阮一峰
今天，我非常震驚地發現，1946年《遠東國際軍事法庭判決書》（InternationalMilitary Tribunal for the Far East Judgment）網上居然有英語全文，那可是1500頁的文件啊。
我從不知道，這麼重要的第二次世界大戰的文件，網上居然可以輕易找到！國內媒體好像從來沒有宣傳過這件事。我查了國家圖書館的資料庫，發現這個文件很可能沒有出版過中譯本。我不知道台灣是否出過中譯本，當年南京政府應該有中文版的。
我對這個事情很不理解。
這是第一手的歷史原件，歷史價值就不用說了，對於愛國主義教育和揭露日本軍國主義的罪行，都有巨大的價值。可是，為什麼大家都不知道呢？這是公共領域的材料，沒有版權，任何人都可以自由使用。可是，為什麼最應該用的人卻不用呢？我不知道，這是有意的還是無意的，反正兩者都一樣可悲。
尤其令人感慨的是，最後它們是由一個美國人放到網上，供全世界瀏覽。謝謝你，Patrick Clancey先生。
我初步看了一下，《判決書》的第五章《日本侵略中國》（Japanese Aggression AgainstChina）和第八章《戰爭罪行》（Conventional WarCrimes）與中國直接相關，我希望它們能夠被全部翻譯成中文。
下面是晚飯後我自己翻譯的關於《南京大屠殺》的那一節，讓我們看看原始材料是怎麼說的。
當我翻譯完的時候，我不由想到了一本書中的一句話：「歷史的一頁是用鮮血寫成，它可以被翻過去，但是不能夠被忘記。」
=======================
The Rape of Nanking
南京大屠殺
原載《遠東國際軍事法庭判決書》1011-1019 頁
阮一峰 譯
As the Central China Expeditionary Force under command of MATSUIapproached the city of Nanking in early December 1937, overone-half of its one million inhabitants and all but a few neutralswho remained behind to organize an International Safety Zone, fledfrom the city. the Chinese Army retreated, leaving approximately50,000 troops behind to defend the city.
1937年12月初，根據松井石根的命令，日軍「華中方面軍」準備攻打南京。該城100萬居民中，有一半以上的居民逃離。所有外國居民也撤出南京，只剩下一些中立國家的人士，他們組織了一個國際安全區。中國軍隊也撤退了，只留下大約5萬人的部隊進行防禦。
As the Japanese forces stormed the South Gate on the night of 12December 1937, most of the remaining 50,000 troops escaped throughthe North and West Gates of the city.
1937年12月12日夜，日軍進攻南門。留守的5萬中國軍隊中的大部分，都從北門和西門逃出了這個城市。
Nearly all the Chinese soldiers had evacuated the city or hadabandoned their arms and uniforms and sought refuge in theInternational Safety Zone, and all resistance had ceased as theJapanese Army entered the city on the morning of 13 December1937.
幾乎所有的中國士兵都棄城而逃，或者丟棄了武器和軍裝，進入國際安全區去尋求庇護。1937年12月13日晨，日軍進入南京的時候，一切抵抗活動都已經停止了。
The Japanese soldiers swarmed over the city and committedvarious atrocities. According to one of the eyewitnesses, they werelet loose like a barbarian horde to desecrate the city. It was saidby eyewitnesses that the city appeared to have fallen into thehands of the Japanese as captured prey, that it had not merely beentaken in organized warfare, and that the members of the victoriousJapanese Army had set upon the prize to committee unlimitedviolence.
日軍士兵佔領了這座城市，犯下各種暴行。根據一個目擊者的證詞，日軍就像一個野蠻人的部落，毫無節制地四處掠奪。目擊者說，南京就像落入日軍之手的獵物，不僅經受了戰火，還經受了日軍士兵以取樂和收刮為目的犯下的無數罪行。
Individual soldiers and small groups of two of three roamed overthe city murdering, raping, looting, and burning. there was nodiscipline whatever. Many soldiers were drunk. Solders went throughthe streets indiscriminately killing Chinese men, women andchildren without apparent provocation or excuse until in places thestreets and alleys were littered with the bodies of their victims.According to another witness, Chinese were hunted like rabbits,everyone seen to move was shot. At least 12,000 non-combatantChinese men, women and children met their deaths in theseindiscriminate killings during the first two or three days of theJapanese occupation of the city.
單個的和二三人一組的日軍士兵，在城市中出沒，到處殺人、強姦、掠奪和焚燒，為所欲為。許多士兵都酩酊大醉。他們在大街上見到中國人就殺，不管是男人、女人或兒童，不需要任何理由和借口。有幾條大街和弄堂，遍地都是中國人的屍體。根據另一個目擊者的證詞，中國人像野兔一樣被日軍當作獵物射擊。只要看見有活動的中國人，他就會被打死。在日軍佔領南京后的頭兩三天中，至少有12000名非武裝人員的中國男性、女性和兒童，死於日軍的屠殺中。
There were many cases of rape. Death was a frequently penaltyfor the slightest resistance on the part of a civtion [sic] or themembers of her family who sought to protect her. Even girls oftender years and old women were raped in large numbers throughoutthe city, and many cases of abnormal and sadistic behaviour inconnection with these rapings occurred. Many women were killedafter the act and their bodies mutilated. Approximately 20,000cases of rape occurred within the city during the first month ofthe occupation.
同時，還發生了許多起強姦。中國女性或者試圖保護她的家人，只要稍有反抗，就立刻會被殺死。甚至城中大量未成年的女孩和老年婦女，都被強姦。在強姦過程中，還發生了許多起變態和虐待行為。許多婦女在強姦后被殺，她們的屍體被燒毀。在佔領后的第一個月中，大約共發生了20000起強姦。
Japanese soldiers took from the people everything they desired.Soldiers were observed to stop unarmed civilians on the road,search them, and finding nothing of value then to shoot them. Verymany residential and commercial properties were entered and looted.Looted stocks were carried away in trucks. After looting shops andwarehouses, the Japanese soldiers frequently set fire to them.
日軍士兵從南京居民手中，奪走任何他們看中的東西。有人看到，日軍士兵在路上攔住手無寸鐵的平民，進行搜身，如果沒發現有價值的東西，日軍就會殺死他們。大量的民居和商業用房，都被日軍闖入，洗劫一空。搶來的物品裝在卡車上運走。在搶劫完畢之後，日軍經常會縱火，將房屋付之一炬。
Taiping Road, the most important shopping street, and blockafter block of the commercial section of the city were destroyed byfire. Soldiers burned the homes of civilians for no apparentreason. Such burning appeared to follow a prescribed pattern aftera few days and continued for six weeks. Approximately one-third ofthe city was thus destroyed.
南京最重要的商業街太平路，以及其他的商業區，都被焚毀。日軍士兵還無故燒毀平民的住宅。這些縱火行為看上去是奉命行事，持續了6個星期。三分之一的南京因此變成廢墟。
Organized and wholesale murder of male civilians was conductedwith the apparent sanction of the commanders on the pretense thatChinese soldiers had removed their uniforms and were mingling withthe population. Groups of Chinese civilians were formed, bound withtheir hands behind their backs, and marched outside the walls ofthe city where they were killed in groups by machine gun fire andwith bayonets. More than 20,000 Chinese men of military age areknown to have died in this fashion.
大批男性南京市民，被有組織的和大規模的殺害，這是日軍司令部的指令，借口他們是脫下軍裝、混入平民的中國士兵。中國平民被分成一組一組，雙手綁在背後，押送到城牆邊，然後被機關槍和刺刀成批殺害。大約有20000名處在服役年齡的中國男性死於這種方式。
The German Government was informed by its representative about"atrocities and criminal acts not of an individual but of anentire Army, namely, the Japanese," which Army, later in theReport, was qualified as a "bestial machinery."
德國駐中國大使在向德國政府遞交的報告中，寫道：「暴行和犯罪行為並非單個士兵所為，而是整支軍隊都參與其中，也就是說，是所有的日本人。」這支軍隊在後文中被形容為是一部「獸行機器」。
Those outside the city fared little better than those within.Practically the same situation existed in all the communitieswithin 200 li (about 66 miles) of Nanking. The population had fledinto the country-side in an attempt to escape from the Japanesesoldiers. In places they had grouped themselves into fugitivecamps. The Japanese captured many of these camps and visited uponthe fugitives treatment similar to that accorded the inhabitants ofNanking.
南京城外中國人的遭遇，跟城裡的一樣悲慘。實際上，這種狀況在南京周圍200里（約66英里）的範圍內都存在。城裡居民湧向農村，試圖躲開日軍，有幾處自發形成了難民營。日軍搜索到了這些難民營，將難民同城裡的居民一樣對待。
Of the civilians who had fled Nanking, over 57,000 wereovertaken and interned. These were starved and tortured incaptivity until a large number died. Many of the survivors werekilled by machine gun fire and by bayoneting.
在那些逃出南京的平民中，大約有57000人被追上和拘押。這些人中的大部分，最後因為無法忍受飢餓和折磨而死亡。那些僥倖挺過來的人，則會被用機槍和刺刀殺害。
Large parties of Chinese soldiers laid down their arms andsurrendered outside Nanking; within 72 hours after their surrender,they were killed in groups by machine gun fire along the bank ofthe Yangtze River.
大批的中國士兵放下武器，在南京城外投降。在投降的72小時以後，他們被用機關槍在長江邊集體殺害。
Over 30,000 such prisoners of war were so killed. There was noteven a pretence of trial of these prisoners so massacred.
大約有30000名戰俘這樣被殺。甚至都沒有進行形式上的審判，大屠殺就開始了。
Estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number ofcivilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinityduring the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over200,000. That these estimates are not exaggerated is borne out bythe fact that burial societies and other organizations counted morethan 155,000 bodies which they buried. They also reported that mostof those were bound with their hands tied behind their backs. Thesefigures do not take into account those persons whose bodies weredestroyed by burning, or by throwing them into the Yangtze River,or otherwise disposed of by Japanese.
根據事後的估計，在日軍佔領南京后的六周內，在南京及其附近地區，被殺害的平民和戰俘總數大約有20萬人。這個數字並非出於誇張的想象，而是來自於殯葬行業和其他一些掩埋屍體的組織提供的事實。他們一共埋葬了超過了15.5萬具屍體。他們還報告說，大多數屍體的雙手都被綁在背後。這個數字還沒有包括那些被燒毀的屍體、被投入長江的屍體，以及其他日軍自己處置的屍體。
Japanese Embassy officials entered the city of Nanking with theadvance elements of the Army; and on 14 December, an official ofthe Embassy informed the International Committee for the NankingSafety ¸one that the "Army was determined to make it bad forNanking, but that Embassy officials were going to try to moderatethe action." The Embassy officials also informed the membersof the Committee that at the time of the occupation of the city, nomore than 17 military policemen were provided by the Armycommanders to maintain order within the city. When it transpiredthat complaints to the Army officials did not have any result,those Japanese embassy officials suggested to the foreignmissionaries that the latter should try and get publicity in Japan,so that the Japanese Government would be forced by public opinionto curb the Army.
12月14日，日本駐中國大使館的官員跟隨軍隊進入南京。一個大使館的官員，對國際安全區的外國人說：「陸軍決心懲罰南京，但是大使館正在設法緩和事態。」這個官員還說，在佔領期間，日軍會提供最多17名軍事警察來維持城市秩序。稍後，國際安全區的外國居民發現，對日軍提出的抗議根本不起作用，日本大使館的官員又建議這些外國人，直接向日本的媒體進行曝光，這樣日本政府會被迫根據輿論遏制軍隊的行為。
Dr. Bates testified that the terror was intense for two andone-half to three weeks, and was serious six to seven weeksfollowing the fall of the city.
Bates博士作證，在南京攻陷后的二至三周內，恐怖行為極其嚴重，在六至七周內非常嚴重。
Smythe, the Secretary of the Int. Committee for the Safety Zone,filed two protests a day for the first six weeks.
國際安全區的秘書長Smythe，在頭六個星期中，每天都會提出兩份抗議書。
MATSUI, who had remained in a rear area until 17 December, madea triumphal entry into the city on that day, and on 18 Decemberheld a religious service for the dead, after which he issued astatement in the course of which he said: "I extend muchsympathy to millions of innocent people in the Kiangpei andChekiang districts, who suffered the evils of war. Now the flag ofthe rising sun is floating high over Nanking, and the Imperial Wayis shining in the southern parts of the Yangtze-Kiang. The dawn ofthe renaissance of the East is on the verge of offering itself. Onthis occasion, I hope for reconsideration of the situation by the400 million people of China." MATSUI remained in the city fornearly a week.
松井石根一直留在後方，直到12月17日才以勝利者的姿態進入南京。12月18日，他主持了一個悼念死者的宗教儀式。隨後，他發表了一個聲明，他在其中說到：「我對江北和江浙一帶的幾百萬無辜人民，表示極大的同情，他們是戰爭惡魔的受害者。現在，太陽旗已經飄揚在南京上方，天皇的光輝照耀在長江以南。東亞復興的黎明即將來到。在此，我希望4億中國人民對形勢能夠重新認識。」他在南京停留了將近一個星期。
MUTO, then a colonel, had joined MATSUI's staff on 10November 1937, and was with MATSUI during the drive on Nanking andparticipated in the triumphal entry and occupation of the city.Both he and MATSUI admit that they heard of the atrocities beingcommitted in the city during their stay at rear headquarters afterthe fall of the city. MATSUI admits that he heard that foreigngovernments were protesting against the commission of theseatrocities. No effective action was taken to remedy the situation.Evidence was given before the Tribunal by an eye witness, thatwhile MATSUI was in Nanking on the 19th of December, the businesssection of the city was in flames. On that day, the witness countedfourteen fires in the principal business street zone. After theentry of MATSUI and MUTO into the city, the situation did notimprove for weeks.
日軍上校武藤章在1937年11月10月，加入松井石根的幕僚，稍後跟隨松井一起進入南京。他們兩人都承認，在南京攻陷后，他們在後方司令部，都聽說了城中發生的暴行。松井承認，他知道外國政府對這些暴行的抗議。但是，沒有採取有效行動去緩和形勢。根據目擊證人提供的證據，12月19日松井在南京時，城市的商業區正是火光熊熊。當天，目擊者一共報告了主要商業區中發生的14起火災。松井和武藤進入南京后，形勢連續幾個星期沒有任何好轉。
Members of the Diplomatic Corps and Press and the JapaneseEmbassy in Nanking sent out reports detailing the atrocities beingcommitted in and around Nanking. The Japanese Minister-at-Large toChina, Ito, Nobofumi, was in Shanghai from September 1937 toFebruary 1938. He received reports from the Japanese Embassy inNanking and from members of the Diplomatic Corps and Pressregarding the conduct of the Japanese troops and sent a resume ofthe reports to the Japanese Foreign Minister, HIROTA. Thesereports, as well as many others giving information of theatrocities committed at Nanking, which were forwarded by members ofthe Japanese diplomatic officials in China, were forwarded byHIROTA to the War Ministry of which UMEZU was Vice-Minister. Theywere discussed at Liaison Conferences, which were normally attendedby the Prime Minister, War and Navy Ministers, Foreign MinisterHIROTA, Finance Minister KAYA, and the Chiefs of the Army and NavyGeneral Staffs.
外國外交官和新聞記者，以及在南京的日本大使館人員，送出了許多報告，詳細描述了南京及其周邊地區發生的暴行。日本內閣部長NobofumiIto從1937年9月到1938年2月在上海。他收到了這些關於日軍行為的報告，並向外交大臣廣田弘毅發出了一份概要。這些報告，以及其他由日本駐中國的外交官收集的關於日軍在南京罪行的信息，都由廣田弘毅送到了梅津美治郎任副大臣的戰爭部。它們在內閣會議上得到了討論，首相、戰爭大臣和海軍大臣、外交大臣、財政大臣、陸軍和海軍的總司令都應該參加了這個會議。
News reports of the atrocities were widespread. MInAMI, who wasserving as Governor-General of Korea at the time, admits that heread these reports in the Press. Following these unfavorablereports and the pressure of public opinion aroused in nations allover the world, the Japanese GOvernment recalled MATSUI andapproximately 80 of his officers, but took no action to punish anyof them. MATSUI, after his return to Japan on 5 March 1938, wasappointed a Cabinet Councillor and 0n 29 April 1940, was decoratedby the Japanese Government for "meritorious services" inthe China War. MATSUI, in explaining his recall, says that he wasnot replaced by HATA because of the atrocities committed by histroops at Nanking, but because he considered his work ended atNanking and wished to retire from the Army. He was neverpunished.
關於南京的新聞報告被廣泛傳播。當時擔任朝鮮總督的MInAMI，承認他從報紙上讀到過這些報道。由於這些不利的報道，以及國際社會中公眾輿論的壓力，日本政府召回了松井石根，以及大約80個他的部下，但是對他們沒有採取任何懲罰措施。1938年3月5日，松井回到了日本。1940年4月29日，被任命為內閣成員，日本政府稱讚他在對華戰爭中「戰功卓著」。松井自己解釋他被召回的原因，並非因為他的部隊在南京犯下的罪行，而是因為他考慮在南京的工作已經結束了，他自己希望從陸軍退休。他從沒有因此受到過懲罰。
The barbarous behaviour of the Japanese Army cannot be excusedas the acts of a soldiery which had temporarily gotten out of handwhen at last a stubbornly defended position had capitulated --rape, arson and murder continued to be committed on a large scalefor at least six weeks after the city had been taken and for atleast four weeks after MATSUI and MUTO had entered the city.
日軍的野獸行為不能被掩飾成，在遭到頑強抵抗后，軍人暫時失去控制的行為。因為，在南京被佔領后，大量的強姦、縱火和殺戮，持續了至少六周，其中有四周是在松井石根和武藤章進入南京后。
The new Japanese garrison Commander at Nanking, General Amaya,on 5 February 1938, at the Japanese Embassy in Nanking, made astatement to the Foreign diplomatic corps criticizing the attitudeof the foreigners who had been sending abroad reports of Japaneseatrocities at Nanking and upbraiding them for encouraginganti-Japanese feeling. This statement by Amaya reflected theattitude of the Japanese Military toward foreigners in China, whowere hostile to the Japanese policy of waging an unrestrainedpunitive war against the people of China.
1938年2月5日，新任的衛戍司令Amaya將軍進入南京，他在南京的日本大使館向各國外交使團發表演說，批評了那些向國外發出日軍罪行報告的外交官，譴責他們這樣做會助長反日情緒。Amaya的演說反映了日軍對在華外國人的態度。外國人士普遍對日本針對中國人的毫無限制的、懲罰性的戰爭懷有敵意。
（完）
今天，我非常震驚地發現，1946年《遠東國際軍事法庭判決書》（InternationalMilitary Tribunal for the Far East Judgment）網上居然有英語全文，那可是1500頁的文件啊。
我從不知道，這麼重要的第二次世界大戰的文件，網上居然可以輕易找到！國內媒體好像從來沒有宣傳過這件事。我查了國家圖書館的資料庫，發現這個文件很可能沒有出版過中譯本。我不知道台灣是否出過中譯本，當年南京政府應該有中文版的。
我對這個事情很不理解。
這是第一手的歷史原件，歷史價值就不用說了，對於愛國主義教育和揭露日本軍國主義的罪行，都有巨大的價值。可是，為什麼大家都不知道呢？這是公共領域的材料，沒有版權，任何人都可以自由使用。可是，為什麼最應該用的人卻不用呢？我不知道，這是有意的還是無意的，反正兩者都一樣可悲。
尤其令人感慨的是，最後它們是由一個美國人放到網上，供全世界瀏覽。謝謝你，Patrick Clancey先生。
我初步看了一下，《判決書》的第五章《日本侵略中國》（Japanese Aggression AgainstChina）和第八章《戰爭罪行》（Conventional WarCrimes）與中國直接相關，我希望它們能夠被全部翻譯成中文。
下面是晚飯後我自己翻譯的關於《南京大屠殺》的那一節，讓我們看看原始材料是怎麼說的。
當我翻譯完的時候，我不由想到了一本書中的一句話：「歷史的一頁是用鮮血寫成，它可以被翻過去，但是不能夠被忘記。」
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The Rape of Nanking
南京大屠殺
原載《遠東國際軍事法庭判決書》1011-1019 頁
阮一峰 譯
As the Central China Expeditionary Force under command of MATSUIapproached the city of Nanking in early December 1937, overone-half of its one million inhabitants and all but a few neutralswho remained behind to organize an International Safety Zone, fledfrom the city. the Chinese Army retreated, leaving approximately50,000 troops behind to defend the city.
1937年12月初，根據松井石根的命令，日軍「華中方面軍」準備攻打南京。該城100萬居民中，有一半以上的居民逃離。所有外國居民也撤出南京，只剩下一些中立國家的人士，他們組織了一個國際安全區。中國軍隊也撤退了，只留下大約5萬人的部隊進行防禦。
As the Japanese forces stormed the South Gate on the night of 12December 1937, most of the remaining 50,000 troops escaped throughthe North and West Gates of the city.
1937年12月12日夜，日軍進攻南門。留守的5萬中國軍隊中的大部分，都從北門和西門逃出了這個城市。
Nearly all the Chinese soldiers had evacuated the city or hadabandoned their arms and uniforms and sought refuge in theInternational Safety Zone, and all resistance had ceased as theJapanese Army entered the city on the morning of 13 December1937.
幾乎所有的中國士兵都棄城而逃，或者丟棄了武器和軍裝，進入國際安全區去尋求庇護。1937年12月13日晨，日軍進入南京的時候，一切抵抗活動都已經停止了。
The Japanese soldiers swarmed over the city and committedvarious atrocities. According to one of the eyewitnesses, they werelet loose like a barbarian horde to desecrate the city. It was saidby eyewitnesses that the city appeared to have fallen into thehands of the Japanese as captured prey, that it had not merely beentaken in organized warfare, and that the members of the victoriousJapanese Army had set upon the prize to committee unlimitedviolence.
日軍士兵佔領了這座城市，犯下各種暴行。根據一個目擊者的證詞，日軍就像一個野蠻人的部落，毫無節制地四處掠奪。目擊者說，南京就像落入日軍之手的獵物，不僅經受了戰火，還經受了日軍士兵以取樂和收刮為目的犯下的無數罪行。
Individual soldiers and small groups of two of three roamed overthe city murdering, raping, looting, and burning. there was nodiscipline whatever. Many soldiers were drunk. Solders went throughthe streets indiscriminately killing Chinese men, women andchildren without apparent provocation or excuse until in places thestreets and alleys were littered with the bodies of their victims.According to another witness, Chinese were hunted like rabbits,everyone seen to move was shot. At least 12,000 non-combatantChinese men, women and children met their deaths in theseindiscriminate killings during the first two or three days of theJapanese occupation of the city.
單個的和二三人一組的日軍士兵，在城市中出沒，到處殺人、強姦、掠奪和焚燒，為所欲為。許多士兵都酩酊大醉。他們在大街上見到中國人就殺，不管是男人、女人或兒童，不需要任何理由和借口。有幾條大街和弄堂，遍地都是中國人的屍體。根據另一個目擊者的證詞，中國人像野兔一樣被日軍當作獵物射擊。只要看見有活動的中國人，他就會被打死。在日軍佔領南京后的頭兩三天中，至少有12000名非武裝人員的中國男性、女性和兒童，死於日軍的屠殺中。
There were many cases of rape. Death was a frequently penaltyfor the slightest resistance on the part of a civtion [sic] or themembers of her family who sought to protect her. Even girls oftender years and old women were raped in large numbers throughoutthe city, and many cases of abnormal and sadistic behaviour inconnection with these rapings occurred. Many women were killedafter the act and their bodies mutilated. Approximately 20,000cases of rape occurred within the city during the first month ofthe occupation.
同時，還發生了許多起強姦。中國女性或者試圖保護她的家人，只要稍有反抗，就立刻會被殺死。甚至城中大量未成年的女孩和老年婦女，都被強姦。在強姦過程中，還發生了許多起變態和虐待行為。許多婦女在強姦后被殺，她們的屍體被燒毀。在佔領后的第一個月中，大約共發生了20000起強姦。
Japanese soldiers took from the people everything they desired.Soldiers were observed to stop unarmed civilians on the road,search them, and finding nothing of value then to shoot them. Verymany residential and commercial properties were entered and looted.Looted stocks were carried away in trucks. After looting shops andwarehouses, the Japanese soldiers frequently set fire to them.
日軍士兵從南京居民手中，奪走任何他們看中的東西。有人看到，日軍士兵在路上攔住手無寸鐵的平民，進行搜身，如果沒發現有價值的東西，日軍就會殺死他們。大量的民居和商業用房，都被日軍闖入，洗劫一空。搶來的物品裝在卡車上運走。在搶劫完畢之後，日軍經常會縱火，將房屋付之一炬。
Taiping Road, the most important shopping street, and blockafter block of the commercial section of the city were destroyed byfire. Soldiers burned the homes of civilians for no apparentreason. Such burning appeared to follow a prescribed pattern aftera few days and continued for six weeks. Approximately one-third ofthe city was thus destroyed.
南京最重要的商業街太平路，以及其他的商業區，都被焚毀。日軍士兵還無故燒毀平民的住宅。這些縱火行為看上去是奉命行事，持續了6個星期。三分之一的南京因此變成廢墟。
Organized and wholesale murder of male civilians was conductedwith the apparent sanction of the commanders on the pretense thatChinese soldiers had removed their uniforms and were mingling withthe population. Groups of Chinese civilians were formed, bound withtheir hands behind their backs, and marched outside the walls ofthe city where they were killed in groups by machine gun fire andwith bayonets. More than 20,000 Chinese men of military age areknown to have died in this fashion.
大批男性南京市民，被有組織的和大規模的殺害，這是日軍司令部的指令，借口他們是脫下軍裝、混入平民的中國士兵。中國平民被分成一組一組，雙手綁在背後，押送到城牆邊，然後被機關槍和刺刀成批殺害。大約有20000名處在服役年齡的中國男性死於這種方式。
The German Government was informed by its representative about"atrocities and criminal acts not of an individual but of anentire Army, namely, the Japanese," which Army, later in theReport, was qualified as a "bestial machinery."
德國駐中國大使在向德國政府遞交的報告中，寫道：「暴行和犯罪行為並非單個士兵所為，而是整支軍隊都參與其中，也就是說，是所有的日本人。」這支軍隊在後文中被形容為是一部「獸行機器」。
Those outside the city fared little better than those within.Practically the same situation existed in all the communitieswithin 200 li (about 66 miles) of Nanking. The population had fledinto the country-side in an attempt to escape from the Japanesesoldiers. In places they had grouped themselves into fugitivecamps. The Japanese captured many of these camps and visited uponthe fugitives treatment similar to that accorded the inhabitants ofNanking.
南京城外中國人的遭遇，跟城裡的一樣悲慘。實際上，這種狀況在南京周圍200里（約66英里）的範圍內都存在。城裡居民湧向農村，試圖躲開日軍，有幾處自發形成了難民營。日軍搜索到了這些難民營，將難民同城裡的居民一樣對待。
Of the civilians who had fled Nanking, over 57,000 wereovertaken and interned. These were starved and tortured incaptivity until a large number died. Many of the survivors werekilled by machine gun fire and by bayoneting.
在那些逃出南京的平民中，大約有57000人被追上和拘押。這些人中的大部分，最後因為無法忍受飢餓和折磨而死亡。那些僥倖挺過來的人，則會被用機槍和刺刀殺害。
Large parties of Chinese soldiers laid down their arms andsurrendered outside Nanking; within 72 hours after their surrender,they were killed in groups by machine gun fire along the bank ofthe Yangtze River.
大批的中國士兵放下武器，在南京城外投降。在投降的72小時以後，他們被用機關槍在長江邊集體殺害。
Over 30,000 such prisoners of war were so killed. There was noteven a pretence of trial of these prisoners so massacred.
大約有30000名戰俘這樣被殺。甚至都沒有進行形式上的審判，大屠殺就開始了。
Estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number ofcivilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinityduring the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over200,000. That these estimates are not exaggerated is borne out bythe fact that burial societies and other organizations counted morethan 155,000 bodies which they buried. They also reported that mostof those were bound with their hands tied behind their backs. Thesefigures do not take into account those persons whose bodies weredestroyed by burning, or by throwing them into the Yangtze River,or otherwise disposed of by Japanese.
根據事後的估計，在日軍佔領南京后的六周內，在南京及其附近地區，被殺害的平民和戰俘總數大約有20萬人。這個數字並非出於誇張的想象，而是來自於殯葬行業和其他一些掩埋屍體的組織提供的事實。他們一共埋葬了超過了15.5萬具屍體。他們還報告說，大多數屍體的雙手都被綁在背後。這個數字還沒有包括那些被燒毀的屍體、被投入長江的屍體，以及其他日軍自己處置的屍體。
Japanese Embassy officials entered the city of Nanking with theadvance elements of the Army; and on 14 December, an official ofthe Embassy informed the International Committee for the NankingSafety ¸one that the "Army was determined to make it bad forNanking, but that Embassy officials were going to try to moderatethe action." The Embassy officials also informed the membersof the Committee that at the time of the occupation of the city, nomore than 17 military policemen were provided by the Armycommanders to maintain order within the city. When it transpiredthat complaints to the Army officials did not have any result,those Japanese embassy officials suggested to the foreignmissionaries that the latter should try and get publicity in Japan,so that the Japanese Government would be forced by public opinionto curb the Army.
12月14日，日本駐中國大使館的官員跟隨軍隊進入南京。一個大使館的官員，對國際安全區的外國人說：「陸軍決心懲罰南京，但是大使館正在設法緩和事態。」這個官員還說，在佔領期間，日軍會提供最多17名軍事警察來維持城市秩序。稍後，國際安全區的外國居民發現，對日軍提出的抗議根本不起作用，日本大使館的官員又建議這些外國人，直接向日本的媒體進行曝光，這樣日本政府會被迫根據輿論遏制軍隊的行為。
Dr. Bates testified that the terror was intense for two andone-half to three weeks, and was serious six to seven weeksfollowing the fall of the city.
Bates博士作證，在南京攻陷后的二至三周內，恐怖行為極其嚴重，在六至七周內非常嚴重。
Smythe, the Secretary of the Int. Committee for the Safety Zone,filed two protests a day for the first six weeks.
國際安全區的秘書長Smythe，在頭六個星期中，每天都會提出兩份抗議書。
MATSUI, who had remained in a rear area until 17 December, madea triumphal entry into the city on that day, and on 18 Decemberheld a religious service for the dead, after which he issued astatement in the course of which he said: "I extend muchsympathy to millions of innocent people in the Kiangpei andChekiang districts, who suffered the evils of war. Now the flag ofthe rising sun is floating high over Nanking, and the Imperial Wayis shining in the southern parts of the Yangtze-Kiang. The dawn ofthe renaissance of the East is on the verge of offering itself. Onthis occasion, I hope for reconsideration of the situation by the400 million people of China." MATSUI remained in the city fornearly a week.
松井石根一直留在後方，直到12月17日才以勝利者的姿態進入南京。12月18日，他主持了一個悼念死者的宗教儀式。隨後，他發表了一個聲明，他在其中說到：「我對江北和江浙一帶的幾百萬無辜人民，表示極大的同情，他們是戰爭惡魔的受害者。現在，太陽旗已經飄揚在南京上方，天皇的光輝照耀在長江以南。東亞復興的黎明即將來到。在此，我希望4億中國人民對形勢能夠重新認識。」他在南京停留了將近一個星期。
MUTO, then a colonel, had joined MATSUI's staff on 10November 1937, and was with MATSUI during the drive on Nanking andparticipated in the triumphal entry and occupation of the city.Both he and MATSUI admit that they heard of the atrocities beingcommitted in the city during their stay at rear headquarters afterthe fall of the city. MATSUI admits that he heard that foreigngovernments were protesting against the commission of theseatrocities. No effective action was taken to remedy the situation.Evidence was given before the Tribunal by an eye witness, thatwhile MATSUI was in Nanking on the 19th of December, the businesssection of the city was in flames. On that day, the witness countedfourteen fires in the principal business street zone. After theentry of MATSUI and MUTO into the city, the situation did notimprove for weeks.
日軍上校武藤章在1937年11月10月，加入松井石根的幕僚，稍後跟隨松井一起進入南京。他們兩人都承認，在南京攻陷后，他們在後方司令部，都聽說了城中發生的暴行。松井承認，他知道外國政府對這些暴行的抗議。但是，沒有採取有效行動去緩和形勢。根據目擊證人提供的證據，12月19日松井在南京時，城市的商業區正是火光熊熊。當天，目擊者一共報告了主要商業區中發生的14起火災。松井和武藤進入南京后，形勢連續幾個星期沒有任何好轉。
Members of the Diplomatic Corps and Press and the JapaneseEmbassy in Nanking sent out reports detailing the atrocities beingcommitted in and around Nanking. The Japanese Minister-at-Large toChina, Ito, Nobofumi, was in Shanghai from September 1937 toFebruary 1938. He received reports from the Japanese Embassy inNanking and from members of the Diplomatic Corps and Pressregarding the conduct of the Japanese troops and sent a resume ofthe reports to the Japanese Foreign Minister, HIROTA. Thesereports, as well as many others giving information of theatrocities committed at Nanking, which were forwarded by members ofthe Japanese diplomatic officials in China, were forwarded byHIROTA to the War Ministry of which UMEZU was Vice-Minister. Theywere discussed at Liaison Conferences, which were normally attendedby the Prime Minister, War and Navy Ministers, Foreign MinisterHIROTA, Finance Minister KAYA, and the Chiefs of the Army and NavyGeneral Staffs.
外國外交官和新聞記者，以及在南京的日本大使館人員，送出了許多報告，詳細描述了南京及其周邊地區發生的暴行。日本內閣部長NobofumiIto從1937年9月到1938年2月在上海。他收到了這些關於日軍行為的報告，並向外交大臣廣田弘毅發出了一份概要。這些報告，以及其他由日本駐中國的外交官收集的關於日軍在南京罪行的信息，都由廣田弘毅送到了梅津美治郎任副大臣的戰爭部。它們在內閣會議上得到了討論，首相、戰爭大臣和海軍大臣、外交大臣、財政大臣、陸軍和海軍的總司令都應該參加了這個會議。
News reports of the atrocities were widespread. MInAMI, who wasserving as Governor-General of Korea at the time, admits that heread these reports in the Press. Following these unfavorablereports and the pressure of public opinion aroused in nations allover the world, the Japanese GOvernment recalled MATSUI andapproximately 80 of his officers, but took no action to punish anyof them. MATSUI, after his return to Japan on 5 March 1938, wasappointed a Cabinet Councillor and 0n 29 April 1940, was decoratedby the Japanese Government for "meritorious services" inthe China War. MATSUI, in explaining his recall, says that he wasnot replaced by HATA because of the atrocities committed by histroops at Nanking, but because he considered his work ended atNanking and wished to retire from the Army. He was neverpunished.
關於南京的新聞報告被廣泛傳播。當時擔任朝鮮總督的MInAMI，承認他從報紙上讀到過這些報道。由於這些不利的報道，以及國際社會中公眾輿論的壓力，日本政府召回了松井石根，以及大約80個他的部下，但是對他們沒有採取任何懲罰措施。1938年3月5日，松井回到了日本。1940年4月29日，被任命為內閣成員，日本政府稱讚他在對華戰爭中「戰功卓著」。松井自己解釋他被召回的原因，並非因為他的部隊在南京犯下的罪行，而是因為他考慮在南京的工作已經結束了，他自己希望從陸軍退休。他從沒有因此受到過懲罰。
The barbarous behaviour of the Japanese Army cannot be excusedas the acts of a soldiery which had temporarily gotten out of handwhen at last a stubbornly defended position had capitulated --rape, arson and murder continued to be committed on a large scalefor at least six weeks after the city had been taken and for atleast four weeks after MATSUI and MUTO had entered the city.
日軍的野獸行為不能被掩飾成，在遭到頑強抵抗后，軍人暫時失去控制的行為。因為，在南京被佔領后，大量的強姦、縱火和殺戮，持續了至少六周，其中有四周是在松井石根和武藤章進入南京后。
The new Japanese garrison Commander at Nanking, General Amaya,on 5 February 1938, at the Japanese Embassy in Nanking, made astatement to the Foreign diplomatic corps criticizing the attitudeof the foreigners who had been sending abroad reports of Japaneseatrocities at Nanking and upbraiding them for encouraginganti-Japanese feeling. This statement by Amaya reflected theattitude of the Japanese Military toward foreigners in China, whowere hostile to the Japanese policy of waging an unrestrainedpunitive war against the people of China.
1938年2月5日，新任的衛戍司令Amaya將軍進入南京，他在南京的日本大使館向各國外交使團發表演說，批評了那些向國外發出日軍罪行報告的外交官，譴責他們這樣做會助長反日情緒。Amaya的演說反映了日軍對在華外國人的態度。外國人士普遍對日本針對中國人的毫無限制的、懲罰性的戰爭懷有敵意。
（完）
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