科普：Personalized medicine （1）Wiki 個性化醫學 維基解釋

分兩篇發，第一篇先說一下維基的定義，第二篇就我所了解的談談，本人不是專家，只是這幾天老聽到這兒的大人物天天在說這個題目，說明這個領域可能會有大的突破。翻得不好，還望指正。謝了。

先大致翻譯一下：

The United States Congress defines personalized medicine as "the application of genomic and molecular data to better target the delivery of health care, facilitate the discovery and clinical testing of new products, and help determine a person's predisposition to a particular disease or condition."Traditionally, much of medical practice relies on standards of care based on epidemiologic studies of large cohorts. This approach to evidence-based medicine has revolutionized medicine during the past 50 years. However, results from large population-based studies are not always applicable to a specific individual, and physicians generally take into account specific characteristics--such as age, gender, height, weight, diet, and environment--when evaluating an individual patient.

美國國會把個性化醫學定義為「將遺傳基因庫和分子的數據更好地應用於提供醫療保健，加快新產品的開發和臨床試驗」。傳統上，大多數的醫學實踐依賴於對大量病例的流行性研究。 然而，從大量的病例得來的結果並不是總是適用於特定的個體，醫生在衡量病人時總要考慮到每個人的特性，比如年齡，性別，身高，體重，飲食和環境。

Recent developments in a number of molecular profiling technologies, including proteomic profiling, metabolomic analysis, and genomic/genetic testing allow the development of personalized medicine and predictive medicine, which is the combination of comprehensive molecular testing with proactive, personalized preventive medicine. It is hoped that personalized medicine will allow health care providers to focus their attention on factors specific to an individual patient to provide individualized care. However, some question whether personalized medicine represents a true departure from traditional medical practice or is an evolutionary transition based on the latest technology.

最近在分子定性，包括蛋白定性，代謝分析，遺傳基因庫/遺傳測試上的進步使個性化醫學和預測醫學（分子測試和個性化的預防醫學的結合）大步前進。希望個性化醫學可以讓醫療單位把注意力放到針對每個病人的特定的個性化的醫治。然而，人們對個性化醫學是否是真的從傳統醫學分開或只是由於新技術引起的一個過渡。

The overarching concept that underpins personalized medicine is that information about a patient's protein, gene or metabolite profile could be used to tailor medical care to that individual's needs. A key attribute of personalized medicine is the development of so-called companion diagnostics, whereby specific molecular assays that measure levels of proteins or genes or specific mutations are used to stratify disease status, select from among different medications and tailor dosages, provide a specific therapy for an individual's condition, or initiate a preventative measure that is particularly suited to that patient at the time of administration.

支持個性化醫學的整個概念就是，有關病人的蛋白，基因或代謝物的定性可以用來調適醫治這個病人本身的需要。個性化醫學的關鍵特徵就是開發所謂的同步診斷，就是將蛋白含量，基因或特定的變異的專門分析用於把病症分層次，從不同的醫療方案找出最好的，或是選擇最好的葯的劑量，依個人條件提供特定的治療，或是啟用對特定的病人在特定的時間最好的預防措施。

The field of oncology currently is feeling the greatest impact of personalized medicine. Several examples of companion diagnostic tests that now are necessary to obtain before cancer-based therapy include measuring for the erbB2 and EGFR proteins for selecting breast, lung and colorectal cancer patients for specific targeted therapies. As the personalized medicine field advances, tissue-derived molecular information will be combined with an individual's personal medical history, family history, and data from imaging, and other laboratory tests.

癌症醫學受到了個性化醫學的最大的影響。在治癌有關的措施（包括測試erbB2 and EGFR 來選擇乳癌，肺癌和orectal cancer ）用於特定的治療前，必須做好幾個同步診斷。隨著個性化醫學的發展，來自特定組織的分子信息會和各人的病史，家庭史和圖像及其他測試數據相結合。

The field of personalized medicine raises many ethical issues, business opportunities, humanitarian opportunities, and some challenges.

個性化醫學也引起許多道德上的問題，提供商業，人文機會和其他挑戰。

我的媽，沒想到這樣難翻閱，肯定是錯誤連篇了，請醫生們原諒啊，別拋磚過來！