美國選購電視知識之介面介紹

為了方便之後我們介紹，選購電視機，音響等家庭娛樂設備。今天在這篇文章中將簡單介紹電視背後的介面。

本文中，我會用2020年款 SONY X900H 作為例子，該款電視在2020年年初，拉斯維加斯的CES上發布，往年，每年的新款電視一般會在4月份開始售賣，但因為疫情的關係，截止5月中還是預定中，具體銷售日期不明。作為最新電視，已經拋棄了很多模擬信號介面。我們將以從上往下的順序逐步介紹。

SONY X900H

按照圖片上的顏色，初略判斷，一個是2.0、一個是3.0，用戶可以外接U盤或者移動硬碟，播放其中的音樂、視頻，3.0的介面，傳輸速度更快，可以播放清晰度更高的視頻。但按照北美市場的消費習慣，應該很少人會冒風險下載可能存在版權風險的電視劇、電影，越來越多的人會選擇播放流媒體。更多人會使用這些 USB 作為電源；我們上一篇介紹的 Fire TV Stick、Roku Stick 或者 Chromecast 都可以使用 USB 作為電源，無需電源插頭。

同軸音頻輸出埠，用來連接音響。當年由日本東芝（TOSHIBA）開發並指定標準。其特點是電氣隔離，阻止數字噪音的通過，傳輸過程有著極小的損耗。但隨著 HDMI ARC 介面普及，更多普通消費者會選擇更加方便的 HDMI。

5,176 個好評

KabelDirekt Optical Digital Audio Cable (15 Feet) Home Theater Fiber Optic Toslink Male to Male Gold Plated Optical Cables Best For Playstation & Xbox - Pro Series

• Optical digital audio cable: perfect digital audio cable for crystal clear connection to dvd』s blurays, home theater receivers, satellites, online streaming playstation & xbox gaming systems.
• Home theater toslink fiber optic cables: professional cable works with multi-channel surround sound, uncompressed pcm audio and compressed 5.1 to 7.1 surround sound systems including dolby digital plus, dts-hd high resolution and lpcm.
• Highest quality digital audio cables: optical cables feature a fully flexible pvc jacket with precision manufacturing to provide the highest quality longest lasting optical cables available.

$14.99 

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2,206 個好評

Digital Optical Audio Cable Toslink Cable - [24K Gold-Plated, Ultra-Durable] [S] Syncwire Fiber Optic Male to Male Cord for Home Theater, Sound Bar, TV, PS4, Xbox, Playstation & More – 5.9ft

• Perfect compatibility - syncwire optical audio cable is compatible with standard and high-definition devices with toslink (s/pdif, optical) ports. perfect for the sound bar to receiver/preamp, audio processor, dac, tv and ps4, playstation, xbox gaming systems etc.
• Unparalleled sound quality - features corrosion-resistant, gold-plated connectors and buffer tubing for optimal signal transfer. clear uncompressed pcm audio and compressed 5.1 to 7.1 surround sound.
• Incredible durability - syncwire digital optical audio cable features a durable pvc outer layer for premium quality and long usage.

$8.99 

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音頻輸出埠，用戶可以連接電視用的藍牙耳機，在夜晚一個人享受電影、看球賽，不影響身邊人。

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Sennheiser RS 175 RF Wireless Headphone System

• Compact, ergonomic over ear headphones. connectivity technology: wireless
• Bass boost and surround sound listening modes. maximum sound pressure level : 114 db at 1khz, 3 percentage thd. thd, total harmonic distortion : less than 0.5 percentage at 1 khz, 100 db spl
• Digital wireless technology ensures that signal transmission remains clear and accurate.carrier frequencies:2.4 – 2.48 ghz

$279.95 $198.74 

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1,027 個好評

RCA Wireless TV Headphones, Over Ear Headphones for TV Watching, PC Phone MP3 iPod VCD DVD, Headphones for Seniors Hard of Hearing, 148ft/45M Range, Rechargeable and Adjustable

• Indulge in your tv moments: dual 40mm drivers guarantee high fidelity stereo sound. without audio lag, rca tv headphones are suitable for parents hard of hearing, youngsters enjoying late-night gaming, etc.
• Long-range transmission & lightweight: up to 147ft/45m transmission distance, you can walk freely in your house. no worry about signal loss or volume loss. besides, with adjustable padded headband and soft padded ear cups, rca tv headphones will free you from a bulky burden.
• Easy to set up: work well with tv/ audio device having a 3.5mm audio output or rca (red and white) audio outputs. to connect the tv with 3.5mm audio out port, use the rca audio cable, insert the 3.5mm audio plug into tv』s audio out port, then insert the red and white plugs into the back of the charging base. to connect the tv with (red and white) rca audio output ports, use the short adapter cable, connect the adapter cable with rca audio cable, insert the red and white plugs of adapter cable into the rca audio output jack of your tv, insert the red and white plugs of rca audio cable into the back of charging case.

$59.99 

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模擬視頻／音頻信號介面。將 RCA 端子介面（俗稱AV端子，三色線等）轉成3.5毫米介面，傳輸到電視。RCA 介面一般常見與舊設備上，比如以前的 DVD 播放器等。

449 個好評

Onvian 3.5mm to 3 RCA Male Plug to RCA Stereo Audio Video Male AUX Cable 5FT Cord

• Designed to connect 3.5mm male plug to 3rca audio video female. note: it can not work with your phones
• Environmental-friendly pvc materials of cable, more soft, flexible bend, can use for a long time
• High quality pure copper wire core with ultra-high speed data transmission. bumpless transfer, durability insertion and withdrawal, more practical

$9.99 

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現在基本上所有影音設備上都有這介面，可以同時傳輸視頻、音頻。圖片中，第三個是支持ARC（Audio Return Channel，「音頻回授通道」）。配合同樣支持 ARC 功能的音響（功放，迴音壁Soundbar），將電視的數字音頻信號輸出到音響，而無需再連接額外的音頻線。用戶也可以將多個影音設備連接到音響上，通過一條 HDMI 接回電視，將視頻傳輸到電視的同時，藉助 ARC，音頻會從音響中放出。配合電視上的 CEC 功能（Consumer Electronics Control、不同電視廠商叫法會不一樣），用戶可以使用一個遙控器（音響或者電視的）去操控電視和電視盒子，減少遙控器數量。支持 ARC 的 HDMI 介面可以無壓縮的傳輸5.1或7.1多聲道音頻，比如 Dolby True HD 和 DTS HD-MA。這是上一代 Optical 介面所無法達到的。

當然你也可以選擇使用 Logitech Harmony 多功能遙控器進行多設備操控。同時也可以配合 Amazon Echo 和 Google Assistant 進行語音操控。

244 個好評

Logitech Harmony Companion All In One Remote Control for Smart Home and Entertainment Devices (Black) (Renewed)

• Use alexa for voice controls
• Harmony app turns smartphone/tablet into universal remote
• Connect to up to 8 devices

$69.90 

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購買電視機的時候要留意背後 HDMI 的型號，不同代數的介面，外形雖然一樣，但性能、視頻、音頻輸出效果大相徑庭。如果可以，盡量選擇 HDMI 2.0 或者2.1版本的介面，像上面照片顯示的 SONY X900H，4個 HDMI 都是2.1介面。根據官網給出的數據，將來隨著電視系統升級，將支持 eARC（Enhanced AudioReturn Channel，「 增強版音頻回傳通道」）這使得電視能支持更先進的音頻信號，包括 Dolby Atmos 和 DTS:X 等。下面這個表格是每種音頻連接形式的對比。當然用戶還有另外購買一套像樣的音響，或者起碼來台迴音壁。敬請期待我們將來迴音壁的推薦文章。

圖片來源網路

第一代的 HDMI 1.0 的協議從2002年12月發布以來已經走過了17多年，經歷了7代更迭。最新的 HDMI 2.1協議帶寬達到48 Gbps，最高支持4K @120Hz、動態 HDR （Dynamic HDR），畫質更流暢；上一代2.0的協議，只支持4K@60Hz、靜態 HDR。現在選擇電視的時候，盡量選擇 2.0、2.1 以上協議的介面。

HDMI 1.4 vs 2.0 vs 2.1

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HDMI Cable 4K 10ft, iVANKY 18Gbps High Speed HDMI 2.0 Cable, 4K HDR, HDCP 2.2/1.4, 3D, 2160P, 1080P, Ethernet - Braided HDMI Cord 32AWG, Audio Return(ARC) Compatible UHD TV, Blu-ray, PS4/3, Monitor

• High speed data capacity - ivanky 4k hdmi cable 10 ft supports hdmi 2.0b including 18 gbps, mirror & extend mode, ultra hd 4k 2160p, hd 2k 1080p, qhd 1440p, hdcp 2.2, 48-bit deep color, audio return(arc), dolby truehd 7.1 audio and hot plugging.
• 4k hdmi cable hdr - perfect for your 4k uhd tv. compatible for your streaming devices, apple tv 4k, nvidia shield tv, cd/dvd/blu-ray players, fire tv, roku ultra, ps4/3, nintendo switch, computers, or other hdmi-enabled devices to your 4k/hd tv, monitors, displays or projectors.
• Innovative improvement - designed for all devices with hdmi 2.0 standard and backwards compatible with hdmi 1.4, 1.3 & 1.2. tinplate metal shielding and gold-plated, corrosion-resistant connectors can protect against external signal interference, guarantee stable signal transmission and minimize signal loss.

$18.99 $17.98 

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1,099 個好評

Belkin Ultra HD High Speed HDMI Cable, Optimal Viewing for Apple TV and Apple TV 4K, Dolby Vision HDR, 2 M/6.ft – Black

• Use with apple tv/apple tv 4k and the latest hdtvs, streaming devices, gaming consoles, blu ray players, projectors and more
• Supports 4k/120hz resolution and frame rates; transfer speeds up to 48gbps; dolby vision and hdr 10 compatible
• Future proofed to support 8k/60hz resolutions and frame rates

$39.99 

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網線介面，雖然現在智能電視都支持 Wi-Fi，但有時候無線路由器與電視距離過遠，當中還隔著幾堵牆的時候，Wi-Fi信號將大幅削弱。如果想要網路穩定的話，家裡還是建議使用有線網路接入。一般無線路由器附送的都是 Cat 5e的網線，推薦另外購買 Cat 6 或者 Cat 7 網線，降低長距離傳輸網路速度衰減和減少信號干擾。

7,957 個好評

Cat 6 Ethernet Cable 50 ft White - Flat Internet Network Lan patch cords – Solid Cat6 High Speed Computer wire With clips& Snagless Rj45 Connectors for Router, modem – faster than Cat5e/Cat5 - 50 feet

• Bundled with the 15 cable clips, so no need to buy them elsewhere
• High performance cat6, 30 awg, ul listed, rj45 ethernet patch cable provides universal connectivity for lan network components such as pcs, computer servers, printers, routers, switch boxes, network media players, xbox, ps, gaming, poe device, nas, voip phones
• Cat 6 standard provides performance of up to 250 mhz and is suitable for 10base-t, 100base-tx(fast ethernet), 1000base-t/1000base-tx(gigabit ethernet)and 10gbase-t(10-gigabit ethernet)

$17.99 

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Ethernet Cable, VANDESAIL 2 Pack 6.5ft CAT7 RJ45 LAN Cable High Speed Gigabit Network Patch Cord Gold Plated (2m)

• ★ cat7 ethernet cable - surf the net, stream video, music and other data at greater speed without worrying about cable mess
• ★ gigabit ethernet cable - support bandwidth up to 1000mhz & transmitting data at speeds of up to 10gbps,connect to lan/wan segments and networking gear at maximum speed
• ★ high speed ethernet cable with two rj45 connectors on each end - compared to the cat 6 network ethernet cable, the additional shielding and improved quality in twisting of the wires provides better protection from crosstalk, noise, and interference that can degrade the signal quality

$17.98 $9.59 

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現在最新的智能手機，第十代 Intel 的 CPU 已經陸續支持最新的Wi-Fi 6協議，可以預見未來幾年的電視晶元也會陸續跟進支持Wi-Fi 6的無線路由器。

關於無線路由器的選購，請訂閱本網站，敬請期待我們之後的文章更新。

串列通信端子，一般是留給製造商等專業人士使用操控設定電視。比如遙控器損壞、電視黑屏，專業人士可以通過這個埠操作電視。不建議一般消費者使用。

紅外延長線介面，接收遙控器紅外信號的延長線的介面。一般家庭用不上，電視一般都是放在遙控器可控制範圍內，一般都是沙發前，或者床前。商業用途的時候，使用紅外延長，方便用戶操控。

電視天線介面，支持最新的 ATSC 3.0高清電視廣播協議 （俗稱Next Gen TV）。2020年開始，新的電視將陸續配置支持新的協議的解調器。現在的電視廣播協議最高支持1080P/1080i 的清晰度，最新的ATSC 3.0 支持4K HDR畫質的傳輸，未來，用戶可以在無需上網的情況下，在戶外使用手機也能觀看4K 的電視節目。下面這張地圖就是2020年會開始使用ATSC 3.0協議的地區。

The ATSC 3.0 U.S. deployment map (as of April 23, 2020) (Image credit: ATSC)

已經有電視的用戶也不用著急，以後可以購買支持 ATSC 3.0 的解調器，與家裡網路連接，這樣在家中網路里的設備，電視，電腦，手機等都可以觀看電視節目。HDHomeRun 已經在Kickstarter 上面開始眾籌支持最新協議的設備。我正在使用 HDHomeRun 這一代的設備，只需與一根電視天線連接與網線連接，家裡多個設備都可以觀看實時的電視節目。

77 個好評

SiliconDust HDHomeRun Connect Duo HDHR5-2US Dual Tuner Bundle with Blucoil 2-Way TV Coaxial Cable Splitter and 5-Pack of Reusable Cable Ties

• Goodbye costly cable tv subs**tion fees - the hdhomerun connect duo receives over-the-air tv broadcast over the antenna, then transmits the signal over an existing wired ethernet router.
• Watch in different devices - the dual tuner enables you to watch your favorite cooking show or basketball game via smart tv, smartphones, or computers in 2 different devices.
• Offers seamless multi-room viewing - you can pause on one device (tablet) and resume on another (smartphone) with the multi-user, multi-device seamless viewing when you subscribe to the hdhomerun app.

$109.99

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圖片來源網路

當初第一個將音頻，視頻信號分離的介面，將模擬信號傳輸到顯示器。黃色是視頻信號，白色是左聲道，紅色為右聲道。隨著 HDMI 與4K電視的普及，AV介面逐漸被人遺忘。如果有老設備的用戶，可以購買轉接器，接到新的電視上。

1,694 個好評

RCA to HDMI,AV to HDMI Converter,ABLEWE 1080P Mini RCA Composite CVBS Video Audio Converter Adapter Supporting PAL/NTSC for TV/PC/ PS3/ STB/Xbox VHS/VCR/Blue-Ray DVD Players

• Rca to hdmi converter: converts analog rca composite (yellow, white, red) input to hdmi 720p/1080p (60hz) output,displayed on hdtv/monitor.
• Plug to play: ablewe mini rca to hdmi converter no extra drivers need, just plug and play,easy to use.please hook up the usb power cable (included) to 5v power source during use.
• Wide compatibility: support source formats of pal, ntsc3.58, ntsc4.43, secam, pal/m, pal/n standard tv. provide advanced signal processing with great precision, colors, resolutions, and details.

$15.99 

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同樣的是模擬信號介面。不過只是傳輸視頻介面，常見於電腦上。如果轉接到 HDMI 的時候，需要外界電源和音頻信號線。

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FOINNEX VGA to HDMI Adapter/Converter Cable with Audio,1080P,Convert VGA Source (PC) in HDMI Connector of Monitor,TV. Active Male VGA-HDMI Out Lead Video Adattatore Cord for Computer,Laptop,Projector

• Foinnex 6ft vga to hdmi adapter cable offers you a convenient way to connect old style pc, notebook,desktop computer with vga (d-sub ,hd 15 pin) output to displays such as projector, monitor, tv or display screen with hdmi. male to male
• Cost-effective: no need any extra hdmi cables. bonus a rca left/right stereo audio to 3.5mm aux adapter cable to get audio signals from dvd,tv-box and more devices with rca output.
• Supports video and audio synchronously. vga output/hdmi output supports video resolution up to 1920 x 1080/60hz, supports 24-bit;transmit stereo audio via male 3.5mm aux mini jack or 2 male rca stereo audio plug.

$17.99 $16.99 

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在電腦上，Apple 已經率先一步淘汰了幾乎所有介面，只留下支持雷電3協議（Thunderbolt 3）的Type C介面和耳機（估計將來也會被藍牙取代，看看手機吧）。在電視上，未來背面的介面會不會越來越簡單？我們可以拭目以待。在接下來，為了提升觀影體驗，我們會分享購買電視及迴音壁的指南，敬請期待。

 Tony Wu  2020-05-24 

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