倍可親

墨西哥灣的水不能喝

作者:春苗  於 2010-5-19 22:30 發表於 最熱鬧的華人社交網路--貝殼村

通用分類:政經軍事|已有28評論

關鍵詞:

墨西哥灣深海鑽井平台失火爆炸,油井仍在跑油

    月初的時候跟朋友吃飯,因為其中有兩位在BP工作,大家就很自然地關心到他們公司上個月底在墨西哥灣的深海平台起火爆炸的事。朋友說BP是租家,平台的擁有者是目前世界上最大的深海鑽井設備出租商Transocean公司。

    聽說大火燒了兩天,平台最終沉入海底。兩家公司股票跌了不少不說,更糟糕的是目前無法關閉油井,井中跑出來的油還在繼續污染著大海......下面的報導和圖片是朋友送過來的。

    根據這篇文章,我覺得深海採油就目前的科技條件來說仍然是一件很冒險的事。海那麼深,平台不可能像淺海那樣可以用錨固定,漂浮不定是無法避免的。他們現在打算在附近再打一口井,希望因為新井抽油時形成的壓差導致目前的這口井不再跑油。

    You may have heard the news in the last two days about the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig which caught fire, burned for two days, then sank in 5,000 ft of water in the Gulf of Mexico. There are still 11 men missing, and they are not expected to be found.
    The rig belongs to Transocean, the world』s biggest offshore drilling contractor. The rig was originally contracted through the year 2013 to BP and was working on BP』s Macondo exploration well when the fire broke out. The rig costs about $500,000 per day to contract. The full drilling spread, with helicopters and support vessels and other services, will cost closer to $1,000,000 per day to operate in the course of drilling for oil and gas. The rig cost about $350,000,000 to build in 2001 and would cost at least double that to replace today.
    The rig represents the cutting edge of drilling technology. It is a floating rig, capable of working in up to 10,000 ft water depth. The rig is not moored; It does not use anchors because it would be too costly and too heavy to suspend this mooring load from the floating structure. Rather, a triply-redundant computer system uses satellite positioning to control powerful thrusters that keep the rig on station within a few feet of its intended location, at all times. This is called Dynamic Positioning.
    The rig had apparently just finished cementing steel casing in place at depths exceeding 18,000 ft. The next operation was to suspend the well so that the rig could move to its next drilling location, the idea being that a rig would return to this well later in order to complete the
work necessary to bring the well into production.
    It is thought that somehow formation fluids – oil /gas – got into the wellbore and were undetected until it was too late to take action. With a floating drilling rig setup, because it moves with the waves, currents, and winds, all of the main pressure control equipment sits on the
seabed – the uppermost unmoving point in the well. This pressure control equipment – the Blowout Preventers, or 『BOP』s」 as they』recalled, are controlled with redundant systems from the rig. In the event of a serious emergency, there are multiple Panic Buttons to hit, and even fail-safe Deadman systems that should be automatically engaged when something of this proportion breaks out. None of them were aparently activated, suggesting that the blowout was especially swift to escalate at the surface. The flames were visible up to about 35 miles away. Not the glow – the flames. They were 200 – 300 ft high.
    All of this will be investigated and it will be some months before all of the particulars are known. For now, it is enough to say that this marvel of modern technology, which had been operating with an excellent safety record, has burned up and sunk taking souls with it.
    The well still is apparently flowing oil, which is appearing at the surface as a slick. They have been working with remotely operated vehicles, or ROV』s which are essentially tethered miniature submarines with manipulator arms and other equipment that can perform work underwater while the operator sits on a vessel. These are what were used to explore the Titanic, among other things. Every floating rig has one on board and they are in constant use. In this case, they are deploying ROV』s from dedicated service vessels. They have been trying to close the well in using a specialized port on the BOP』s and a pumping arrangement on their ROV』s. They have been unsuccessful so far. Specialized pollution control vessels have been scrambled to start working the spill, skimming the oil up.
    In the coming weeks they will move in at least one other rig to drill a fresh well that will intersect the blowing one at its pay zone. They will use technology that is capable of drilling from a floating rig, over 3 miles deep to an exact specific point in the earth – with a target radius of just a few feet plus or minus. Once they intersect their target, a heavy fluid will be pumped that exceeds the formation』s pressure, thus causing the flow to cease and rendering the well safe at last. It will take at least a couple of months to get this done, bringing all available technology to bear. It will be an ecological disaster if the well flows all of the while; Optimistically, it could bridge off downhole.
    It』s a sad day when something like this happens to any rig, but even more so when it happens to something on the cutting edge of our capabilities. The photos that follow show the progression of events over the 36 hours from catching fire to sinking.




A sister rig, the Nautilus, being transported on a Heavy-List vessel

the Deepwater Horizon on location in better days 1

the Deepwater Horizon on location in better days 2

Taken shortly after the rig caught fire – the mast is still there

The drilling mast has toppled over here – they usually melt pretty fast when fire breaks out

Support vessels using their fire fighting gear to cool the rig

From about 10 miles away – dawn of Day 1

Support vessels using their fire fighting gear to cool the rig – note the list developing

About noon Day 1 – List is pronounced now

From a satellite, overhead

Early morning Day 2 – Note the hole burned through the aluminum helideck

Day 2, morning – settling quite low in the water now – fuel and oil slick forming


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發表評論 評論 (28 個評論)

回復 Cristal 2010-5-19 22:58
It is sad news.I haven't heard yet. Thank for this information.
永遠不能喝了嗎?有辦法清除污染嗎?
回復 春苗 2010-5-19 23:07
Cristal: It is sad news.I haven't heard yet. Thank for this information.
永遠不能喝了嗎?有辦法清除污染嗎?
好像政府有關部門在責成兩家公司清理吧。
回復 Cristal 2010-5-19 23:12
春苗: 好像政府有關部門在責成兩家公司清理吧。
那還差不多。
回復 snortbsd 2010-5-19 23:18
well, sadly the disater struck already and BP was caught off guard.

what i really concern is: is china ready for the potential disasters that will certainly strike on those chinese deep sea oil drilling rigs?

yes it will, sooner or later. china better be ready, i mean, just like quake strikes, china should have plans, equipment and disaster response teams for such special cases.

obviously BP didn't have such plans/devices that were ready for such disasters...
回復 我思念 2010-5-19 23:33
GOM的水本來就不能喝, 太咸了。 題目的這句話應該跟魚說, 但他們又聽不懂。
回復 marnifan 2010-5-20 00:09
我思念: GOM的水本來就不能喝, 太咸了。 題目的這句話應該跟魚說, 但他們又聽不懂。
回復 xqw63 2010-5-20 00:27
太可怕了
回復 春苗 2010-5-20 00:48
我思念: GOM的水本來就不能喝, 太咸了。 題目的這句話應該跟魚說, 但他們又聽不懂。
你要是去游泳,不就可能喝水嗎?
回復 春苗 2010-5-20 00:49
xqw63: 太可怕了
是的。這好像是至今最嚴重的一次。
回復 xqw63 2010-5-20 01:16
春苗: 是的。這好像是至今最嚴重的一次。
這麼說,深海鑽油經常發生小範圍漏油?
回復 春苗 2010-5-20 01:38
xqw63: 這麼說,深海鑽油經常發生小範圍漏油?
好像不是。我聽到的是1989年,exxon的平台在阿拉斯加海上發生過漏油事件。
回復 春苗 2010-5-20 01:42
xqw63: 這麼說,深海鑽油經常發生小範圍漏油?
我印象中多年前在石油公司工作的中國人說過,說美國公司都到深海去採油了,中國的這個技術還沒到。但是我也聽說這裡的公司到大連買船的事。因為不是搞這一行的,說不出道道來。
回復 linzhiding 2010-5-20 03:52
掌聲響起+鮮花=》春苗

   如果中國渤海灣發生同樣的事情。。。。美國+西方還不把中國吃啦?

  巨量噴油將近一個月,請問這種直接污染全球海洋生物=》間接污染人類

應該請宇宙法庭來審判美國英國,這將影響全人類的基因。。。別當兒戲!
回復 春苗 2010-5-20 04:02
linzhiding: 掌聲響起+鮮花=》春苗

   如果中國渤海灣發生同樣的事情。。。。美國+西方還不把中國吃啦?

  巨量噴油將近一個月,請問這種直接污染全球海洋生物=》間接污染
後果確實很嚴重。不知道聯合國對這樣的事會不會立案?
回復 linzhiding 2010-5-20 04:20
春苗: 後果確實很嚴重。不知道聯合國對這樣的事會不會立案?
謝謝教授關注!

應該可以計算出來: 污染原油總量/全球海洋總量=?  每一口海水污染量=?
回復 yzfoto 2010-5-20 05:26
好慘啊!
回復 春苗 2010-5-20 06:44
linzhiding: 謝謝教授關注!

應該可以計算出來: 污染原油總量/全球海洋總量=?  每一口海水污染量=?
不能那麼算。那麼算可能就不算什麼了。問題是美國南部的海灣都受到直接傷害。特別是路易斯安娜州。
回復 春苗 2010-5-20 06:46
yzfoto: 好慘啊!
是。肯定會飄上來很多死魚吧。
回復 xinsheng 2010-5-20 11:42
sad.
回復 nierdaye 2010-5-20 13:00
environmental disaster.
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