林語堂學習英文要訣

　　林語堂先生（1895-1976），以現代文學家、翻譯家和英語通著名，他一生共出版中文集三種，英文著作36種。他從中國人學習英語的實際出發，提出了一系列的英語教學方法和英語學習方法，至今仍然值得我們借鑒。


學習英文要訣:


一、學英文時須學全句，勿專念單字。學時須把全句語法、語音及腔調整個讀出來。


二、學時不可以識字為足。識之必然兼用之。凡遇新字，必至少學得該字之一種正確用法。以後見有多種用法，便多記住。


三、識字不可強記。得其句中用法，自然容易記得。


四、讀英文時須耳目口手併到。耳聞、目見、口講、手抄，缺一不可。四者備，字句自然記得。


五、「四到」中以口到為主要。英語便是英國話，如果不肯開口，如何學得說話?


六、口講必須重疊練習，凡習一字一句必須反覆習誦十數次至數十次，到口音純熟為止。學外國語與學古文同一道理，須以背誦為入門捷徑。每謀取一二句背誦之。日久必有大進。


七、口講練習有二忌。(一)忌怕羞。學者在課堂上怕羞，則他處更無練習機會。(二)忌想分數。一想到分數，便怕說錯，怕說錯，便開口不得。最後的勝利者，還是不怕羞、不怕錯、充分練習的學生。若得教員隨時指正，自然可由多錯而少錯，由少錯而純正，由純正而流利，甚至由流利而精通。此是先苦後甘之法。


八、讀節要精。讀音拼寫，皆須注意。馬馬虎虎，糊塗了事，不但英文學不好，任何學問也學不好。

恩，國學大師短短的幾條道出了學英語的精髓~

good

This brief desciption of chinese painting is found in the website of the National Palace Museum of Taibei. Guren Banzhu posted it at the Calligraphy and Painting. The original text was written in classic Chinese and I found the English translation is easier (though it has omitted some contents near the end).


我法可概分楣すP和意深，家作，v究以神S形。
Chinese painting can be divided into two major modes; a meticulous and detailed one (kung-pi) and a free, expressionistic one called "sketching ideas (hsieh-i)." A middle path, however, is often adopted to avoid extremes and capture accurately the outer form as well as the inner spirit.
描L精微者，不拘泥於眼中所； S意]⒄擼膊蝗渾x真背。景布局重在引^p者如R真境，得天人合一之趣。
The traditional artist may paint with great detail, but would not just copy exterior forms; or, the artist may paint with abandon and set aside the rules of representation, but not go so far as to create abstract art. Whether a vast overview or an intimate scene, the goal of the artist is to lead viewers into a painting and create a realm unto itself.
而鱒，皆以毛P楣ぞ擼率一w。又或之不足}以文，或文以楫，甚上m未}一字也M得趣。c⒃Y合成一w，加上j印，使中在形式上和表F精神上，卓立於世界。
Furthermore, the Chinese (writing with the brush) naturally transfer the techniques of calligraphy to painting. As sister arts, they often appear together. When combined with poetry and the seal, the work is complete in form and spirit to create one of the enduring features of Chinese painting.
(Translation: Elaine Tann)

Source: National Palace Museum 故宮博物院

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