積極人生從7個習慣開始 2

2.THE 7 HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE

  Habit number two: Begin with the end in mind. That 1)literallymeans to begin today with an image or picture of the end of your life as your frame of reference, as the 2)criteria by which you examine everything else in your life.
      I want you to think on this for a moment and get yourself into the frame of mind of attending a funeral of a dear one. In your mind??s eye see yourself driving to that funeral, arriving, it??s being held at a church, getting yourself situated in the back seat. And you come to a growing awareness that it is your funeral, that it is you in that 3)casket, three years from now. There are four speakers. The place ispacked. And there's a great feeling of love, appreciation, and 4)resonating value of this person, your life. The four speakers are these: one from your family -- not just your 5)nuclear family, but aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents have come from all around the country to attend; one from your friends that give a sense of what you were as a person, as a friend; one from your work, your profession, or outside activity; and one from your church or some community organization where you've been involved in giving service. Now think, what would you like to have said, three years from now, about you as a member of an 6)in-tergenerational 7)extended family, as a friend, as a working 8)associate, or a public servant? What would you like to have said about your character, about your contributions, and about your achievements? Think carefully on those roles, and write the 9)eulogies.
    This habit, to begin with the end in mind, means to start with a clear understanding of your destination and it's based on the principle that all things are created twice.
     There are always two creations. Thephysical creation follows the mental creation. Take the building or the house that you're in now. It was created in every detail before the earth was touched. Right or wrong. If wrong, you've got some pretty expensive change orders in that structure that might have significantly increased the cost of it, even doubled the cost of it. The carpenter's rule holds true: measure twice, cut once.
So what's habit two? Simply begin with the end in mind. Decide what your own value system is. Write your own philosophy, your own mission statement, your own 10)creed, your belief system and get it written into your mind and into your heart, through the use of imagination and your emotion. Don't tie yourself to your history. Tie yourself to your potential. And if you learn to imagine vividly enough and to also 11)draw heavily upon the inner sense or conscious of what is right or wrong, you will come to detect the most fundamental principles that pertain to your life. And you can 12)distill them in the form of a mission statement or a value system or a purpose statement; whatever you wish to call it. This is the essence of habit two.

   積極人生從7個習慣開始

   習慣二：在思想上要以終為始。照字面意思來解就是在今天開始的時候，腦子裡想一想你在生命終點的情景，以此作為參考框架，作為你檢測其他事情的依據。
   我希望你們能好好地思考這番話，然後想像自己去參加一個至親好友的葬禮。你的腦海里浮現著這樣的畫面：看到自己駕車到葬禮上去，到達了，葬禮在教堂舉行，你在後排坐下。你漸漸地想到自己的葬禮，三年之後，躺在那棺材里的人會是你。發言人有四位，參加者雲集一堂。人們對你的人與你的一生心懷關愛、感到欣賞與認同。四位發言人分別是：一位來自你家--除了你的家人外，姑姨、叔舅、表親、祖父祖母全從全國各地趕來參加；一位是你的友人，從朋友立場上評價你的為人；一位來自你工作、職業或社交活動的領域；還有一位來自於你曾經參與並作出過服務的教會或者某團體組織。現在考慮一下，你希望三年之後，人們將怎樣從一名幾世同堂的大家庭的成員、一個朋友、一位同事、或一個公僕的角色來評價你？你希望人們將怎樣評論你的性格、貢獻和成就？仔細地想想你的這些角色，給自己寫悼詞。
   在思想上以終為始這個習慣的意思就是要你明確最終目的，它是基於「萬物皆經由兩度而成」的原理得出的。
   創造總是經過兩次完成的。在思想創造之後有實際創造。拿你們現在所位於的大樓來說吧，在動土之前它的每個細節早就給設定好了。對也罷錯也罷。如果錯了，你要改變結構則要付出昂貴的代價，費用也許會大幅增長，甚至翻倍。木匠有條規矩是千真萬確的：度量兩次才動手。
   那麼習慣二是什麼呢？就是在思想上要以終為始。決定好你的自我價值體系。寫下自己的哲學，自我計劃、自我信條、自我信仰體系，通過運用想象和情感把這些牢記在你的腦海中、你的心裡。不要把自己拘束在以往的歷史上，讓自己依附於潛能之上。如果你能學著去生動地想象，並開發好內在意識，辨察是非，你就能找到適合你一生的最基本原則。你就可以從行動計劃，或價值體系，或目標計劃--隨你怎麼叫吧--的形式中提取出你的原則來。這就是習慣二的精髓所在。

1) literally   adv. 照字面意義地   2) criteria   n. 標準        
3) casket n. 棺材
4) resonate  v. 共鳴，共振   
5) nuclear family 核心家庭，指只包括父母和子女的家庭
6) intergenerational  a. 兩代間的       7) extended family 大家庭
8) associate  n. 同事，合作人                    9) eulogy  n. 頌詞，讚美詞
10) creed  n. 信條   
11) draw upon 利用，取，並駕齊驅    12) distill  v. 蒸餾，提取

3 THE 7 HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE

   Habit three, the management habit, is put first things first. This habit deals with many of the questions addressed in the field of time management. The real challenge is not actually to manage time but to manage yourself, to gain control of time and events in your life by seeing how they relate to your mission.
   Take a moment now to draw a square on a piece of paper. Then, make a cross within the square dividing it into four smaller squares. What you've just drawn is a time management 1)matrix. And the four squares are called 2)quadrants. Label the four quadrants this way: label quadrant 1 「Urgent and Important」, quadrant 2 「Not Urgent and Important」, quadrant 3 「Urgent and Not Important」, and quadrant 4 「Not Urgent and Not Important」.
   And in business, Dr. Covey has found that quadrant two is the key to management.
   Prado, the great Italian philosopher in the field of efficiency, came up with what's called the 「eighty-twenty」 rule. Eighty percent of the results flow from twenty percent of the activities. Those are all quadrant two activities. All of them.
  What do you think happens to quadrant one if you neglect quadrant two? If you neglect prevention, what's going to happen to problems? It's going to grow and grow until there's almost no other quadrants. It may consume your life. That's called management by crisis, and management by crisis just 3)beats you up, 4)burns you out. 5)Fatigues 6)ya. Gets very, very large.
    What's going to happen to quadrant one if you attend to quadrant two? Gets smaller and smaller. You'll still have some of it. Things you hadn't anticipated at all. Constant changes in our environment will create some of that. But it'll be manageable. It'll be 7)workable. But you'll always have the sense that you're working on 8)prevention and seizing new opportunities.
     Now when are you going to get the time and attention to get into quadrant two? That has to come from three and four. Quadrant four is totally worthless quadrant. Can you name one thing of any value or worth in quadrant four? Leisure. Is leisure important? Yes. Then it's quadrant two. There's nothing of worth or value in quadrant four. Quadrant three also is essentially without value except on the part of other people.
   So, basically, you get your time for quadrant two from three and four. You just keep doing it. You just keep stealing a little from quadrant three and quadrant four. Learn to say no, pleasantly, smilingly, happily, but say no. Because in saying no to quadrant three and four, you're saying yes to quadrant two, and when you say yes to quadrant two, you make quadrant one increasingly small. And you're working on thingsthat will matter most, not on things that will matter least. 「Things which matter most」, Gerta wrote, 「must never be at the mercy of things which matter least.」
   However, the problem is it takes certain capacities to work on quadrant two. What's the fundamental capacity? We've already talked about it. What is it? You have to proactive. Why? Quadrant one 9)works on you. Quadrant one 10)acts on you. Quadrant two must be acted upon. We are made in our essential humanity to act and not be acted upon. That's quadrant two. All deep relationship building, quadrant two. Planning and organizing, quadrant two. Personal preparation, quadrant two. Exercise, quadrant two. Reading - broad, deep reading, continuing education, quadrant two.
Quadrant two is the key.

積極人生從7個習慣開始

   第三個習慣，管理習慣，分清事情的輕重緩急。這個習慣可以解決許多時間安排方面的問題。其實挑戰之處不在於時間的安排，而是自我安排，根據時間、事物與工作任務之間的關聯來進行有效的安排。
   現在請在紙上畫一個正方形。在正中畫一個十字將正方形分割成四個小方塊。這是一個時間安排矩陣。四個小方塊稱為象限。為每一個象限做上標記，在第一個象限內寫下」緊急重要」，在第二個象限內寫下」重要但不緊急」，在第三個象限內寫下」緊急但不重要」，在第四個象限內寫下」不緊急不重要」。
   在商業中，科維博士發現象限二是管理的關鍵。
   義大利效率領域的著名哲學家普拉多提出了」80-20」規則。即有80%的結果是從20%的活動中產生的。這些全都是象限二的活動。全都是。
   如果忽視了象限二，那麼象限一會怎樣呢？如果你不採取預防措施，會發生什麼問題呢？它會無限膨大直至其他象限近於消失。它也許會耗盡你整個一生。這叫」管理危機」，管理危機會使你惶恐不安、筋疲力竭、一事無成。問題變得非常、非常嚴重。
   如果你留意象限二，那象限一又會怎樣呢？會變得越來越小。有一些事情你還是會歸入象限一。一些你根本沒有預料到的事。經常變換環境會產生一些這樣的事情。但這是易於管理的，也是可行的。你經常會有一種未雨綢繆和抓住新機遇的感覺。
   那麼象限二的時間和精力將從哪裡獲得呢？從象限三和象限四獲得。象限四是毫無用處的。你能想出一件事情毫無任何意義，從而可以歸入象限四嗎？休閑。休閑重要嗎？當然。那它當然應該歸入象限二。沒有什麼事情毫無意義可以歸入象限四，象限三也基本上沒什麼意義，除非是對他人來說。
   這樣，你從象限三和象限四為象限二贏得了時間。你只要堅持這樣做，只要不斷地從象限三和象限四中偷出一點兒時間。學會說不，愉快地、微笑地、高興地，但是要說不。因為對象限三和象限四說不就意味著對象限二說好，當你對象限二說好的時候，你就把象限一變得非常小了。你做的事情都是重要的，而不是無足輕重的。格塔曾寫道：」重要的事情永遠不要對無足輕重的事情讓位。」
   但問題是，象限二的工作需要一定的能力。什麼是基本能力？我們已經談過這一點。是什麼呢？是積極向上的態度。為什麼？因為象限一影響著你、支配著你。而象限二是受你支配的。人的本性是支配而不是受支配。這就是象限二。所有親密關係的建立、計劃和組織、個人準備、鍛煉、廣泛地閱讀、細讀、繼續深造，都可以歸入象限二。
   象限二是關鍵。

1) matrix  n. 矩陣            
2) quadrant  n. 象限，四分儀      
3) beat up: 驚擾；（俚語）痛毆
4) burn out: （爐等）因燃料缺乏而停燒  
5) fatigue  vt. 使疲勞，使心智衰弱 6) ya: 即口語化的」you」。
7) workable  a. 可經營的，可使用的    8) prevention  n. 預防，防止
9) work on: 設法說服，影響   
10) act on: 對……起作用；按照……行動

期待著

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