老債王將特朗普和法西斯主義相提並論

老債王Bill Gross在接受彭博社採訪時，被問及特朗普的經濟政策，Gross 依據特朗普的推特言論昭示的政策導向，將特朗普與墨索里尼的法西斯主義相提並論。主持人嗅到火藥味，追問Gross是否認為特朗普推行某種形勢的法西斯主義。Gross回應他豈敢給特朗普貼法西斯主義標籤，但特朗普對企業單挑，施行恐嚇等手段，讓他想起歷史上的過去（即墨索里尼）。

老債王雖然在基金管理上今非昔比，但仍是資深老江湖，對資本市場運作和經濟周轉有深入的觀察和認識。他長期批評美聯儲的零利率政策，針砭時弊，直言不諱。老債王嗅覺敏銳，指出特朗普的政策非常類比法西斯，實在是警世箴言。

什麼是法西斯主義？很多人將法西斯主義和希特勒直接聯繫起來，並將種族清洗，集權等作為法西斯主義的主要元素。根據維基百科（英文版），法西斯主義起源於義大利，在第一次世界大戰中興起，由墨索里尼推動。法西斯主義反對自由主義，馬克思主義和無政府主義，強調政府集權，直接調動全國人力和經濟資源，為國家服務。在此宗旨下，政權有空前的權利直接干預公民的個人行為。

法西斯認為自由民主已經過時，一黨集權才能調動社會資源有效對抗經濟危機或武力衝突。這樣的體系由強人領袖領導，通常是獨裁者或軍政府首腦，來實現國家統一和穩定。暴力是法西斯主義的執政手段之一。法西斯主義鼓吹混合經濟體制，主張保護主義和政府干預。

維基百科的英文概要節錄如下，

    Fascism /ˈfæʃɪzəm/ is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism[1][2] that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe, influenced by national syndicalism. Fascism originated in Italy during World War I and spread to other European countries. Fascism opposes liberalism, Marxism and anarchism and is usually placed on the far-right within the traditional left–right spectrum.[3][4]

    Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes in the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. The advent of total war and total mass mobilization of society had broken down the distinction between civilian and combatant. A "military citizenship" arose in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner during the war.[5][6] The war had resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines and providing economic production and logistics to support them, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.[5][6]

    Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete, and they regard the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic difficulties.[7] Such a state is led by a strong leader—such as a dictator and a martial government composed of the members of the governing fascist party—to forge national unity and maintain a stable and orderly society.[7] Fascism rejects assertions that violence is automatically negative in nature, and views political violence, war, and imperialism as means that can achieve national rejuvenation.[8][9][10][11] Fascists advocate a mixed economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky through protectionist and interventionist economic policies.[12]

根據對法西斯主義的這一綜述，法西斯主義有很強的經濟目標，其政治手段是為經濟目標服務的。這一點在電視劇和常見輿論文章往往被忽略。（如果仔細對照法西斯主義的定義，現在某大國其實就是在推行徹頭徹尾的法西斯主義）

特朗普為什麼有法西斯主義之嫌哪？他連續單挑個別公司，從Carrier，波音，到福特，豐田，通過恐嚇，而不是推動有法可依的經濟政策，如此行為充滿法西斯主義的影子，即強人領袖直接干預經濟行為，公民權利受踐踏。

儘管對特朗普的反對聲音很多，但像老債王這樣直言不諱，實屬難得。

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作者：藿香子

時間：2017年1月7日

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